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Minerals & Rocks You must know: Definition of a mineral & a rock 8 Physical Properties of a mineral Mohs’ Hardness Scale 3 classification of rocks and origin The Rock Cycle
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Minerals & Rocks Minerals Natural occurring substance, compound with a crystal structure
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Minerals & Rocks Physical Properties 8 properties (for identification) Color Streak Hardness Mohs’ Hardness Scale 1 – 10 1 – 7 Most commonly used Table 17.2 p. 439 Crystal shape Cleavage Fracture Density Luster
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Minerals & Rocks Tia was a gypsy who liked to walk her cat and had a friend named Flora, who had an apatite for orthoclase and quartz.
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Minerals & Rocks Mohs’ Hardness Scale Talc1 Gypsum2 Calcite 3 Fluorite4 Apatite5 Orthoclase6 Quartz7 Topaz8 Corundum9 Diamond10
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Minerals & Rocks 1. Talc Mg3Si4O10(OH)2
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Minerals & Rocks 2. Gypsum CaSO 4. 2H 2 O
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Minerals & Rocks 3. Calcite CaCO 3
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Minerals & Rocks 4. Fluorite CaF 2
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Minerals & Rocks 5. Apatite CaF
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Minerals & Rocks 6. Orthoclase KAlSi 3 O 8
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Minerals & Rocks 7. Quartz SiO 2
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Minerals & Rocks 8. Topaz Al 2 SiO 4 (F,OH) 2
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Minerals & Rocks 9. Corundum (Ruby) Al 2 O 3
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Minerals & Rocks 10. Diamond (Hope Diamond) C Length 25.60 mm Width 21.78 mm Depth 12.00 mm
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Minerals & Rocks Galena PbS
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Minerals & Rocks Rocks A collection of one or more minerals brought together into a cohesive solid. Classification Sedimentary Igneous Intrusive Magma Extrusive Lava Metamorphic
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Minerals & Rocks Sedimentary Limestone
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Minerals & Rocks Sedimentary Sandstone
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Minerals & Rocks Igneous Granite
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Minerals & Rocks Igneous Obsidian
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Minerals & Rocks Metamorphic Marble
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Minerals & Rocks Metamorphic Slate
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Minerals & Rocks Crystal structure Course grain Fine grain The Rock Cycle Figure 17.23
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Minerals & Rocks Rock Cycle
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