1. Managed by UT-Battelle for the Department of Energy Logistics of Biomass Supply Agricultural crops and residues Shahab Sokhansanj, Ph.D., P.Eng. Bioenergy Resources & Engineering Systems Oak Ridge National Laboratory

2. 2Managed by UT-Battelle for the Department of Energy Presentation_name Scope  Introduction  Production and accessible quantities  Feedstock supply chains – formats  Solutions and cost targets  Analysis tools for optimum supply logistics  Concluding remarks

3. 3Managed by UT-Battelle for the Department of Energy Presentation_name DOE Biorefining Industry 2030 Goals ~1.3 Billion tons/yr Biomass Potential in the U.S. Displace a significant fraction of gasoline demand ~ 60 billion gallons/year by 2030 Sugar Platform Syngas Platform Including Corn Grain, an Estimated 600 – 700 Million Tons of Biomass per Year is Needed for 60 B gal of ethanol. http://bioenergy.ornl.gov (Perlack et al. 2005) Introduction

4. 4Managed by UT-Battelle for the Department of Energy Presentation_name What is the Time-Frame for Required Feedstock Tonnages? Chart representing ethanol volumes predicted from the high oil case using the transition model for the 30x30 NREL report., 2006. 2012 – 2015 Time Frame: Grain Ethanol 7-8 billion gal. Cellulosic Ethanol 3-4 billion gal. (estimated 35-45 M tons biomass) 2030 Time Frame: Grain Ethanol 13-14 billion gal. Cellulosic Ethanol 40-50 billion gal. (estimated 400-500 M tons biomass) … Introduction

5. 5Managed by UT-Battelle for the Department of Energy Presentation_name Scope  Introduction  Production and accessible quantities  Feedstock supply chains – formats  Barriers and cost targets  Analysis tools for optimum supply logistics  Concluding remarks

6. 6Managed by UT-Battelle for the Department of Energy Presentation_name Biomass availability Current resource availability and future resource potential: agricultural crop residues and perennial energy crops

7. 7Managed by UT-Battelle for the Department of Energy Presentation_name Biomass availability subject to constraints Farm gate prices for stover is a determining factor on the amount of available stover Soil conservation requirements limit the available volumes

8. 8Managed by UT-Battelle for the Department of Energy Presentation_name Estimates of biomass distribution and biorefining capacities Source: ORNL Robert Perlack, 2006

9. 9Managed by UT-Battelle for the Department of Energy Presentation_name Distribution Stover Logging residue Switchgrass Biomass moisture

10. 10Managed by UT-Battelle for the Department of Energy Presentation_name Scope  Introduction  Production and accessible quantities  Feedstock supply chains – formats  Solutions and cost targets  Analysis tools for optimum supply logistics  Concluding remarks

11. 11Managed by UT-Battelle for the Department of Energy Presentation_name Integrated Biomass Supply Analysis and Logistics (IBSAL) Model The Supply chain

12. 12Managed by UT-Battelle for the Department of Energy Presentation_name Forms of biomass

13. 13Managed by UT-Battelle for the Department of Energy Presentation_name Two major technological barriers  Bulkiness  High water content

14. 14Managed by UT-Battelle for the Department of Energy Presentation_name Energy density of biomass

15. 15Managed by UT-Battelle for the Department of Energy Presentation_name Estimated Field Moisture Content Source: (ORNL, Ethan Davis & Robert Perlack, 2007) An estimate of biomass moisture content at harvest

16. 16Managed by UT-Battelle for the Department of Energy Presentation_name Scope  Introduction  Production and accessible quantities  Feedstock supply chains – formats  Solutions and cost targets  Analysis tools for optimum supply logistics  Conclusions

17. 17Managed by UT-Battelle for the Department of Energy Presentation_name Densification/granulation Bulk density 60 kg/m 3 Bulk density 600 kg/m 3

18. 18Managed by UT-Battelle for the Department of Energy Presentation_name Optimum form of biomass Source: ORNL, Sokhansanj, 2005 )

19. 19Managed by UT-Battelle for the Department of Energy Presentation_name Storage and handling

20. 20Managed by UT-Battelle for the Department of Energy Presentation_name Scope  Introduction  Production and accessible quantities  Feedstock supply chains – formats  Solutions and cost targets  Analysis tools for optimum supply logistics  Concluding remarks

21. 21Managed by UT-Battelle for the Department of Energy Presentation_name Biorefinery Siting with GIS tools - ORIBAS PlantMarginal Price Pixels 1$75.2516,643 2$75.8618,065 3$81.6727,574 4$83.5415,786 5$93.2123,199 Total101,267 Analysis team, ORNL (Craig Brandt, 2007)

22. 22Managed by UT-Battelle for the Department of Energy Presentation_name Integrated Biomass Supply Analysis & Logistics - IBSAL

23. 23Managed by UT-Battelle for the Department of Energy Presentation_name Modeling Tools Integrated Biomass Supply Analysis & Logistics (IBSAL) IBSAL library contains modules for assembling a production/transport scenario. Input and output communication with the program are through EXCEL Workbooks and Worksheets

24. 24Managed by UT-Battelle for the Department of Energy Presentation_name Scope  Introduction  Production and accessible quantities  Feedstock supply chains – formats  Solutions and cost targets  Analysis tools for optimum supply logistics  Concluding remarks

25. 25Managed by UT-Battelle for the Department of Energy Presentation_name Technical Targets Source: OBP Feedstock Platform Multi-Year Program Plan, 2007

26. 26Managed by UT-Battelle for the Department of Energy Presentation_name Grower Payment [$/ton] Biomass Feedstock Cost Target and Metrics $/ton = + Efficiency [$/hr] + Capacity [ton/hr] Quality [$/ton] Therefore $35/ton =$10-$50/ton$25/ton+ Feedstock Resource R&D Plan Contributes: Analysis and characterization Projections based on technology development and supply demand assumptions Technology development through “Regional” and “Office of Science” Partnerships Feedstock Supply System R&D Plan Contributes: Engineering Designs Technology Development 2012 Industry initiation/low demand Cost Target (2002$) The cost equation Source: Idaho National Laboratory (Richard Hess, 2007)

27. 27Managed by UT-Battelle for the Department of Energy Presentation_name Acknowledgment  Bioenergy Resources & Engineering Systems Team, Oak Ridge National Laboratory  Feedstock Engineering Team, Idaho National Laboratory  Office of Biomass Program, Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, DOE