1. Therapeutic Modalities

2. Superficial Heat 10 mm below surface Hydrocollator pack Infrared lamp
Paraffin bath

3. Hydrocollator Pack Canvas bag with silica gel or sand Heated to 170
Place towels between pack and skin
Use for 20 minutes
Not for areas with impaired skin or circulation

4. Infrared Heat No pressure on body Use for 20 minutes
Not for areas with impaired skin or circulation

5. Paraffin Bath 1 part liquid petroleum to 7 parts paraffin
degrees
Mostly for hands and feet
Not for areas with impaired sin or circulation

6. Deep Heat 30-50 mm below the skin Diathermy:
Microwave or shortwave generator
Ultrasound

7. Diathermy
Deep heating by electromagnetic or mechanical waves

8. Microwaves Hold director perpendicular to the treated part
Skin must be clean and dry to prevent burns
Use for no more than 20 minutes
Do not use in presence of pacemaker

9. Shortwaves Protect skin with towels
Do not use near metal implants or pacemakers
Do not use with impaired skin or circulation

10. Ultrasound Fine vibrations caused by sound generate heat
Must use oil on skin under transducer that transmits soundwave

11. Hydrotherapy
Whirlpool
Hubbard tank
Therapeutic pool

12. Whirlpool 98-104 degrees Massages skin Dilates blood vessels
Relieves pain
Use for 20 minutes

13. Hubbard Tank Large whirlpool shaped like a whole body
Used for debridement of large areas

14. Therapeutic Pool 98 degrees
Inclining bottom with deep and shallow ends
Used to strengthen legs and assist with ambulation

15. Cold Therapy Ice packs K-pads – circulating water 10-15 minutes
Reduce swelling, inflammation and spasticity

16. Side Effects Both heat and cold can cause erythema
Heat: increase circulation, reduce inflammation and pain
Cold: decrease circulation, swelling and pain