1. 8:1 ● Progressivism ● Reaction to laisez-faire economics ● Government should take a more active role ● Faith in science and technology

2. 8:1 ● Muckrakers ● Journalists who investigated corruption – In government, industry ● Jacob Riis – Poverty, disease, and crime of cities

3. 8:1 ● Making Government More Efficient ● “The Principles of Scientific Management” – Frederick W. Taylor – Government should operate on business principles

4. 8:1 ● Robert La Follette ● Republican governor of Wisconsin ● Wisconsin became model for progressive reform ● Reforms: – Direct primary: all party members could vote for candidate to run in general election

5. 8:1 ● Reforms (cont'd) ● Initiative: citizens could introduce legislation ● Referendum: citizens could vote on a proposed law ● Recall: remove an elected official from office

6. 8:1 ● Direct Election of Senators ● Senators were appointed by state legislatures ● 17 th Amendment (1913): voters will elect Senators

7. 8:1 ● Suffrage: the right to vote ● States began granting women the right to vote ● 19 th Amendment (1920): women have right to vote

8. 8:1 ● Child Labor ● “The Bitter Cry of the Children” -John Spargo ● Health and Safety Codes ● Lochner v New York (1905) ● Muller v Oregon (1908) – Government can regulate business ● Alcohol ● Prohibition: ban the manufacture, sale, and consumption of alcohol

9. 8:1