1. 2.The determination of longitude is mainly a function of ? 1)geometry 2)latitude 3)distance 4)time

3. 3.The North Pole is an __? 1)Ice-covered ocean 2)Ice-covered land 3)Ice-free ocean 4)Ice-free land

4. Ice-covered ocean

5. 4.Equipment commonly used in oceanography today include ? 1)ships 2)all of these 3)satellites 4)submersibles

6. 2)all of these

7. 5. An early chart of the Gulf Stream was done by ___? 1.Ben Franklin 2.Charles Darwin 3. Eratosthenes 4.Alfred Wegner

8. 1.Ben Franklin

9. 6.Which ocean is largest? 1.The Atlantic Ocean 2.The Indian Ocean 3.The Pacific Ocean 4.The Gulf of Mexico

10. 3.The Pacific Ocean

11. 3. Earth is the ___ planet from the sun. 1)second 2)third 3)fourth 4)fifth

12. 2)third

13. 4.Absolute age dating is based on ___. 1)radioactive isotope decay 2)sedimentary layers 3)the amount of oxygen 4)chemical composition

14. 1)radioactive isotope decay

15. 5.Impact craters are hard to find on earth because ___. 1)we haven’t been hit often 2)Jupiter attracts all objects 3)the craters erode over time 4)all objects burn up in the atmosphere

16. 3)the craters erode over time

17. 6. Free atmospheric oxygen in amounts similar to today was not present for about the first 60% of the earth's history because of what? 1. most of it was initially used up in chemical reactions 2. the earth was too hot 3. photosynthetic plants have existed for only the last million years 4. the composition of seawater has only remained relatively constant for the last 600 million years

18. 1. most of it was initially used up in chemical reactions

19. 1. Which layer of the earth is rigid? 1)the asthenosphere 2)the core 3)the mantle 4)the lithosphere

21. 3. When glaciers are formed on a land mass, what happens to its average water line? 1)it is further offshore 2)it remains the same 3)it is further inland 4)there is no way to predict

22. 3. When glaciers are formed on a land mass, what happens to its average water line? 3)it is further inland

23. 4. The density of a substance determines whether it will sink or float on another substance. The units we use for density are ___. 1.gms 2.gms/cm 2 3.gms/cm 3

25. 6. A rock that is an example of oceanic crust is ____. 1. Granite 2. Shale 3. Fossilized bones 4. Basalt

27. 1. Early evidence suggesting continental drift include all of the following except ___. 1)fit of continents 2)observations of vulcanism on the sea floor 3)similarity of fossils 4)similarity of rock formations

28. 2)observations of vulcanism on the sea floor

29. 2. Spreading rates of major plates are about ___. 1)< 1cm/year 2)2-10cm/year 3)10-50cm/year 4)>100cm/year

30. 2)2-10cm/year

31. 3. The Nazca Plate is moving roughly ____. 1)north 2)south 3)east 4)west

32. 3)east

33. 4. The Hawaiian Islands have formed from ___. 1)a mid-ocean ridge system 2)coral reefs 3)a hot spot 4)erosion of a continent

34. 3)a hot spot

35. 5. The magnetic striping of the seafloor is considered evidence of seafloor spreading and ____. 1) spreading centers in the trenches. 2)changes in the Earth's axis of rotation. 3)periodic reversals in the polarity of the Earth's magnetic field. 4)periodic collapses of the Earth's gravitational field.

36. 3)periodic reversals in the polarity of the Earth's magnetic field.

37. 6. The mid-ocean ridges are recognized as: 1)subduction zones. 2)transform or lateral plate boundaries. 3)divergent plate boundaries. 4)convergent plate boundaries.

38. 3)divergent plate boundaries.

39. 7. A prominent feature of a continental-continental plate boundary is/are ___. 1)a trench 2)a rift valley 3)mountains 4)volcanoes

40. 3)mountains

41. 1.Passive continental margins occur ______. 1)at subduction zones 2)along the US East Coast 3)at mid-ocean spreading centers 4)near hot spots

42. 2)along the US East Coast

43. 2. The region of the continental margin closest to the beach is ____. 1)the continental shelf 2)the shelf break 3) the continental slope 4) the continental rise

44. 1)the continental shelf

45. 3.Turbidity currents are _____. 1)underwater landslides 2)currents that produce turbidites 3)fast-moving sediment slurries 4)all of these

47. 4.The bottom on abyssal plains are very flat because ____. 1)they are eroded by turbidity currents 2)most irregular topography is covered by sediments 3)the basalt flattened before it solidified 4)we have no idea

48. 2)most irregular topography is covered by sediments

49. 5.All of the following are features of mid-ocean ridges except ____. 1)irregular topography 2)rift valleys 3)trenches 4)hydrothermal vents

50. 3)trenches

51. 6. Isobaths are contour lines of equal ____. 1)pressure 2)depth 3)sediment type 4)temperature

52. depth

53. 7. The average depth of the oceans is about _____ meters. 1)1,000 2)2,000 3)4,000 4)6,000

54. 4,000

55. 1. Which orders the particles correctly by size from smallest to largest? 1)sand, clay,boulders 2)clay, sand, boulders 3)boulders, sand, clay 4)clay, boulders, sand

56. clay, sand, boulders

57. 2. Lithogenous sediments come from ____. 1) oceanic organisms 2)weathering of the continents 3)outer space 4)chemical reactions on the sea-floor

58. 2)weathering of the continents

59. 3. Lithogenous sediments are transported to the oceans by all of the following except ____. 1)rivers 2)glaciers 3)winds 4)coastal erosion

60. coastal erosion

61. 4. Which groups produces calcareous particles? 1)diatoms 2)foraminifera 3)radiolarians

62. foraminifera

63. 5. Carbonate sediments are most likely to be found ____. 1)along continental margins 2)in trenches 3)along the flanks of spreading centers 4)on abyssal plains

64. along the flanks of spreading centers

65. 6. Sedimentation rates are lowest _____. 1)at river deltas 2)along the continental rise 3)in biologically productive regions 4)on abyssal plains

66. on abyssal plains

67. 7. An example of a hydrogenous sediment is _____. 1)Foraminifera “tests” 2)whale earbones 3)Turbidites 4)Manganese nodules

68. Manganese nodules

69. 1. Waves break roughly parallel to the beach because of what process? 1)Reflection 2)Breaking 3)Refraction 4)Flocculation

70. 1. Waves break roughly parallel to the beach because of what process? 1)Reflection 2)Breaking 3)Refraction 4)Flocculation

71. 2. Sand moves along the beach because of _____. 1)longshore transport 2)wind transport 3)the beach slope 4)submarine canyons

72. 2. Sand moves along the beach because of _____. 1)longshore transport 2)wind transport 3)the beach slope 4)submarine canyons

73. 3. Groins along a beach ____. 1)have no effect on its shape 2)completely stop sand movement 3)cause a build-up on the “upstream” side 4)solve all beach erosion problems

74. 3. Groins along a beach ____. 1)have no effect on its shape 2)completely stop sand movement 3)cause a build-up on the “upstream” side 4)solve all beach erosion problems

75. 5. Most beaches are more exposed in winter because ___. 1)rivers bring more sand in winter 2)winter waves are more powerful 3)summer waves are more powerful 4)wave refracation is stronger in the winter

76. 5. Most beaches are more exposed in winter because ___. 1)rivers bring more sand in winter 2)winter waves are more powerful 3)summer waves are more powerful 4)wave refracation is stronger in the winter

77. 6. Rip currents are dangerous because ____. 1)they move water offshore 2)swimmers panic and swim against them 3)they move sediments parallel to the beach at high speed 4)they are turbid

78. 6. Rip currents are dangerous because ____. 1)they move water offshore 2)swimmers panic and swim against them 3)they move sediments parallel to the beach at high speed 4)they are turbid

79. 7.Sea level relative to a particular location can change because ____. 1)polar ice caps are melting 2)the land is subsiding 3)seawater expands as it warms 4)all of these

80. 7.Sea level relative to a particular location can change because ____. 1)polar ice caps are melting 2)the land is subsiding 3)seawater expands as it warms 4)all of these