1. Global Positioning System Modernization CGSIC International Subcommittee Meeting   5 December, 2002

2. ISC, Brussels, 5 December 20022 Overview Background Constellation Status/Performance Standard Modernization Program The Way Ahead

3. ISC, Brussels, 5 December 20023 GPS Background Active program for over 25 years Created from separate programs in 1973 Developmental satellites began launch in 1978 Operational satellites began launch in 1989 Initial Operational Capability - 1993 Full Operational Capability –1995 Open civil navigation service Signal specification available to industry and all users, both US and International Free of direct user fees

4. ISC, Brussels, 5 December 20024 GPS Satellites Block IIF In development Boeing 6 already procured Options for 6 more MMD 11.35 yrs Block IIR/IIR-M In production Lockheed/Martin 21 procured 6 operational 1 destroyed on launch MMD 10.62/8.57 yrs Block II/IIA All have been launched Rockwell (now Boeing) First launch Feb 1989 21 operational Mean Mission Duration (MMD) 9.6/10.23 yrs

5. ISC, Brussels, 5 December 20025 US Policy Goals Encourage acceptance of GPS into peaceful civil, commercial and scientific applications Promote safety and efficiency in transportation Encourage private investment in/use of GPS Strengthen and maintain national security Promote international cooperation in using GPS for peaceful purposes

6. ISC, Brussels, 5 December 20026 US Policy Principles No direct user fees Open market competition for user equipment Equal access for applications development and value added services Common use of GPS time, geodesy, and signal structure standards Interoperability of future systems with GPS Recognition of security issues and protecting against misuse Protect radionavigation spectrum from disruption and interference

7. ISC, Brussels, 5 December 20027 GPS Civil Applications Enabling Technology Unlimited growth potential $16 Billion industry worldwide by year 2003 Japan projected to have 44% of customer market share Expanding Use in Transportation Safety Aviation, Maritime, Railroad, Highway, etc Potential to reduce land-based navigation systems Wide Range of Other Civil Uses Telecommunications, Surveying, Law Enforcement, Emergency Response, Agriculture, Mining, etc. Distress Alerting Satellite System (DASS), civil component of Global Personnel Recovery System

8. ISC, Brussels, 5 December 20028 Overview Background Constellation Status/Performance Standard Modernization Program The Way Ahead

9. ISC, Brussels, 5 December 20029 21 Block II/IIA satellites operational 6 Block IIR satellites operational 14 of 21 Block IIR satellites available Modernizing up to 8 Block IIR satellites Last launch: 31 Jan 01 Next Launch: On hold Launch vehicle issues Continuously assessing constellation health to determine launch need 27 Operating Satellites (to ensure 24) GPS Constellation Status

10. ISC, Brussels, 5 December 200210 GPS Constellation Age Block II MMD = 9.6 Block IIA MMD =10.23 Block IIR MMD = 12.67 Block IIA Predicted MMD Block II Predicted MMD Block IIR Predicted MMD

11. ISC, Brussels, 5 December 200211 GPS SPS Performance Standard Defines the levels of performance the U.S. Government commits to provide to domestic and international civil GPS users Not a requirements document Current edition published October 2001 Updated performance as a result of discontinuing Selective Availability Available on US Coast Guard Navigation Center website http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/ A Commitment of Service

12. ISC, Brussels, 5 December 200212 GPS SPS Performance Standard

13. ISC, Brussels, 5 December 200213 Overview Background Constellation Status/Performance Standard Modernization Program The Way Ahead

14. ISC, Brussels, 5 December 200214 GPS IIA/IIR GPS III GPS IIR-M, IIF IIR-M: Improved on all IIA capabilities and added 2nd Civil Signal on L2 New L1 & L2 M-Code IIF: IIR-M capability and: Add 3rd Civil Signal on L5 Standard Service (~100 m) Precise Service (~16 m) Two Nav frequencies L1: Civil (C/A) & Precise code, Navigation L-2: P-code Nav GPS-III: Navigation Surety Increased Accuracy Assured Availability Controlled Integrity System Survivability Other Transformational needs Nav-related Messaging Navigation Operations Adjunct to BFT Basic GPS L2C on L2 M-Code (Earth) NAVWAR Capable Full Civil Rqmts Add’l Capabilities New Civil Signal – L5 GPS Modernization Increasing System Capabilities Increasing Defense/Civil Benefit SA Set to 0 Flex Power upgrade adds ability to increase power on both P and M code signals to defeat low level enemy jamming

15. ISC, Brussels, 5 December 200215 Setting SA to zero considered first step Civil users currently limited to one GPS signal C/A code at L1 frequency (1575.42 MHz) Low power signal, not intended for precision nav C/A = “Coarse Acquisition”; P = “Precise” Adding a second civil signal C/A-type code at L2 frequency (1227.60 MHz) Low power signal, not intended for precision nav Adding a third civil signal P-type codes at L5 frequency (1176.45 MHz) Higher power signal, intended for precision nav Civil GPS Modernization

16. ISC, Brussels, 5 December 200216 Second Civil Signal (L2C) More robust civil signal service Civil users currently only have codeless/semi- codeless access to P(Y) on L2 Increased accuracy Coded dual-frequency ionospheric corrections at the receiver Advanced signal structure Working Group defined signal characteristics Better cross-correlation properties than C/A Data-free component for robust tracking Designated as primary L2 civil code versus C/A Begin Launch in 2004; Projected for Full Capability in 2012

17. ISC, Brussels, 5 December 200217 Third Civil Signal (L5) Improved signal structure for enhanced performance ~ 6 dB higher power relative to L1 Broadcast over the full registered 24 MHz band Spectrum allocated for aeronautical radionavigation services (ARNS) (960 – 1215 MHz) Co-primary allocation for RNSS received at the last World Radio Conference (1164 – 1215 MHz) DME compatibility achieved by frequency reallocation, if required L5 signal definition RTCA SC 159, WG #1, developed L5 Specification GPS JPO originated/coordinated ICD-GPS-705 Begin Launch in 2005; Projected Full Capability in 2015

18. ISC, Brussels, 5 December 200218 Civil Benefits of GPS Modernization More robust GPS service Reduces vulnerability to unintentional interference Unlikely to simultaneously affect L1, L2 and L5 Worldwide dual frequency for en-route navigation and precision approach Dual Frequency (L1, L5) allows ionospheric corrections in avionics onboard the aircraft Fewer reference stations may be needed for space-based augmentation systems (e.g. WAAS) Centimeter-level accuracy for scientific & survey applications

19. ISC, Brussels, 5 December 200219 GPS Modernization Schedule

20. ISC, Brussels, 5 December 200220 Overview Background Constellation Status/Performance Standard Modernization Program The Way Ahead

21. ISC, Brussels, 5 December 200221 The Way Ahead (cont’d) Future of global satellite navigation services is bright Compatibility/interoperability is critical between GPS and future systems European Galileo Japanese Quasi-Zenith Seamless, global interoperability of future systems with GPS is in best interest of all navigation users

22. ISC, Brussels, 5 December 200222 Summary Stable, consistent GPS policy and service Expanding use in transportation safety GPS Modernization is a multiple step process Second civil signal (L2C) beginning in 2004 Third civil signal (L5) beginning in 2005 GPS III addressing future dual-use requirements Continuing international outreach to be responsive to global user needs Compatibility/interoperability with other future systems is critical Future GPS performance will dramatically improve as a result of modernization

23. Global Positioning System Modernization GPS Symposium Tokyo, Japan November 12, 2002   Michael Shaw U.S. Department of Transportation

24. ISC, Brussels, 5 December 200224 Backups

25. ISC, Brussels, 5 December 200225 Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) Enroute thru near precision approach Signal in space currently available Use at your own risk until operational (2003) Commissioning for aviation use by late 2003 Allows reduction in ground-based nav aids Local Area Augmentation System (LAAS) Terminal through CAT III Precision Approach Research and development program GPS Augmentations

26. ISC, Brussels, 5 December 200226 GPS Augmentations (cont’d) Maritime Differential GPS (MDGPS) System Accuracy better than 10 meters Currently 40 nations implementing Maritime DGPS Nationwide Differential GPS (NDGPS) System Expanding MDGPS to cover entire U.S. Positive Train Control for railroads Intelligent Transportation Systems for highway use 23 stations currently operating Full operational capability by end of 2007 MDGPS and NDGPS are one operating system covering the US coast to coast

27. ISC, Brussels, 5 December 200227 SVN 23SVN 21 y r GPS Satellite Status Bottom Line 16 vehicles are “yellow” (i.e. single string) 9 vehicles are yellow due to bus failures 13 vehicles are yellow due to nav failures SVN 25SVN 27SVN 38SVN 39SVN 22SVN 30SVN 44SVN 35SVN 13SVN 36SVN 33SVN 31SVN 37SVN 24SVN 46SVN 17SVN 34SVN 15SVN 51SVN 40SVN 54SVN 41SVN 26SVN 43SVN 32SVN 29SVN LEGEND y g D 1 2 3 4 5 FABCE BUSNAV g g g g g g g g g gg g g g g g g g gg gg gy g g g g g g g g y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y yy

28. ISC, Brussels, 5 December 200228 Constellation Summary Age Summary 7 satellites past updated mean mission duration Health Summary 13 Satellites one component away from navigation mission failure 9 satellites one component away from bus failure Despite age and component issues, all satellites are providing a healthy nav signal

29. ISC, Brussels, 5 December 200229 GPS Position Error Daily Performance – Global Assessment, 2002

30. ISC, Brussels, 5 December 200230 Key GPS III Goals for Civil Signals Significant increase in system accuracy Assured and improved level of unaugmented integrity Improved availability of accuracy with integrity Backward compatibility with existing receivers IOC for L5 (in combination with IIF satellites) Smooth transition from GPS Block II to Block III Flexibility to respond to evolving requirements with limited programmatic impacts

31. ISC, Brussels, 5 December 200231 GPS III Proposed Accuracy Draft Systems Specification ThresholdObjective Accuracy (95%) Horizontal Vertical Timing 2.5 m0.5 m 4.5 m 1.1 m 5.7 nsec1.3 nsec Includes the effects of receivers Threshold is for low-cost/low-performance receiver Objective is for high-cost/high-performance receiver