1. CHINA & JAPAN LIMIT EUROPEAN CONTACTS

2. 1200’S GENGHIS KHAN BUILDS LARGEST EMPIRE EVER ON EARTH THROUGH WAR SONS BREAK IT INTO 4 PARTS ~1250-1350 = “MONGOL PEACE” = STABLE TIME =TRADE + IDEAS MOVE FREELY MONGOLS UNDER KUBLAI KHAN RULE CHINA FAIRLY WELL

3. GENGHIS K. TO KUBLAI K.: MONGOLS BECOME LESS MONGOL, MORE CHINESE as they settle in GenghisKublai K

4. CHINA CONTACTS OUTSIDE WORLD WITH 7 HISTORIC VOYAGES ZHENG HE: CHINESE MUSLIM ADMIRAL LEADS EACH ONE SHOWS CHINESE POWER & SPLENDOR EXPANDS TRIBUTE SYSTEM (RESPECT & GIFTS TO EMPEROR)

5. LIKE “FLOATING CITIES”: CREW NUMBERED OVER HALF OF POPULATION OF “THE POINTES” (27,000 VS 45,000) Santa Maria

6. AFTER 7 TH VOYAGE (1433) CHINA BECOMES: ISOLATIONIST: A POLICY OF AVOIDING POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, OR MILITARY INVOLVEMENT WITH OTHER COUNTRIES Isolated by Taklimakan and Gobi Desert Far from other civilizations CHINA REFUSES TO INDUSTRIALIZE TO KEEP UP WITH DEMAND: FOREIGN TRADE is “ANTI-CONFUCIUS” FARMING, NOT INDUSTRY= TRADITION

7. CHINESE SMUGGLING INCREASES CAPITAL MOVED TO BEIJING 1420— EMPEROR LIVED HERE UNTIL 1911 KNOWN AS “FORBIDDEN CITY”: NO FOREIGNERS OR COMMON PEOPLE ALLOWED IN

8. 30+ FOOT WALLS AND MOATS SURROUND FORBIDDEN CITY

9. HISTORY REPEATS! OUTSIDE INVADERS TAKE OVER CHINA NATIVE CHINESE REBELLED, BUT MANCHU WON THEM OVER UPHELD CONFUCIANISM & SOCIAL STRUCTURES, CHINA PROSPERED & WAS SAFE KANGXI (1 st emperor) & QIAN-LONG (grandson) RULE FOR 120 YEARS!

10. CHINESE BELIEVED THEY DID NOT REALLY NEED FOREIGN “STUFF” FOREIGNERS ALLOWED IN ONLY IF THEY “FIT INTO” CUSTOMS PAY TRIBUTE TO EMPEROR KOWTOW TO EMPEROR: BOW 9 TIMES HEAD TO FLOOR, NEVER TURN BACK ON EMPEROR

12. ENGLISH, SPANISH, PORTUGUESE REFUSE TO DO CHINESE CUSTOMS DUTCH CONTROLLED INDIAN OCEAN: they want Chinese trade! SO THEY PERFORM CUSTOMS DUTCH GET CHINESE SILK, PORCELAIN, & TEA (BY 1800, control 80% OF SHIPMENTS TO EUROPE!)

13. ALTHOUGH FOUND ELSEWHERE, CHINESE TEA & SILK SUPERIOR TO OTHER PLACES (PLUS “EXOTIC” TO EUROPEANS)

14. 1300’S-1600: JAPANESE FEUDAL WARLORDS FIGHT EACH OTHER EUROPEAN GUNS CHANGE WARFARE & FEUDALISM IN JAPAN 1600: TOKUGAWA IEYASU is #1 ruler Moves Capital to EDO (TOKYO) Nobles FORCED to live in Edo every other year & must leave family behind: Rebellion stops quickly

15. PEACE, PROSPERITY FOR 250 YEARS BUT FARMERS TAXED HEAVILY & their LIVES ARE HARD WOMEN HAVE INFERIOR RIGHTS MANUFACTURING INCREASED EDUCATION AND ARTS GROW EX: HAIKU, PAINTING, KABUKI

16. JAPANESE WELCOME PORTUGUESE IN THE 1500’S UNTIL CHRISTIANITY VEIWED AS A THREAT; IN 1600’S SHOGUN PERSECUTES CHRISTIANS BY 1639 JAPAN CLOSES COUNTRY to ALL FOREIGNERS except Dutch & Chinese (at Nagasaki) Remains “CLOSED” for 200 YEARS until “Gun Boat Diplomacy” opens it

17. 1. Look up in the textbook what the dynastic cycle is. What is it? 2. What are common views that China and Japan have towards outsiders? 3. Before 1500, what do China and Japan have in common? 4. How is China isolated from other countries or great civilizations? 5. What was the main reason for Zheng He’s voyages?