1. Chapter 4 Review Sheet Class Notes

2. Key Terms WordDefinition Cash crop A farm crop raised to be sold for money. mercantilism An economic theory that stated a nation’s power was based on its wealth. Tidewater In the Southern colonies, along the Atlantic Coast, the area in which large farms called plantations produced cash crops. Backcountry A region of small subsistence farms in the Southern colonies west of the Tidewater region of large plantations. Middle passage The most inhumane aspect of the triangular trade; the voyage for black Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the West Indies- from freedom to slavery.

3. Key Terms Slave codes Laws that governed the slaves and denied them basic rights. Treaty of Paris The formal end to the French and Indian War in which the French gave up the vast areas of Canada and the Mississippi River Valley to the British. Navigation Acts Laws that governed trade between the colonies and Great Britain. Apprentice An adolescent boy who works under a skilled craftsman for years learning a trade. Import A good brought from foreign markets to be sold inside a country. Export A good sent abroad to sell.

4. Key People: Iroquois 1. Reluctantly agreed to help the British in the French and Indian war. Edward Braddock2. British commander-in-chief in North America. William Pitt3. New British leader. Controlled the French and Indian War from Britain Benjamin Franklin 4. Colonial leader during the Enlightenment.

5. Key People: George Washington 5. British commander sent to conquer the French in the Ohio River Valley. Chief Pontiac6. Ottawa chief who tried to unite Native Americans against the English settlers. Jonathan Edwards 7. Prominent minister during the Great Awakening.

6. Review Questions 1. Which section of colonies had subsistence farming? (p. 104) The New England Colonies 2. What are cash crops? (p.106) Crops raised to be sold for money 3.What was the most profitable crop in South Carolina and Georgia?(p.107) Rice 4. How did England view its colonies in America? (p.110) As an economic resource. 5. What is mercantilism? (p.110) An economic theory that states a nation’s power depends on it’s wealth.

7. Review Questions 6. A group of people trained to fight in an emergency is called: (p.118) Militia 7. What was the Albany Plan of Union? (p.119) Ben Franklin’s plan to unite the colonies under one government against the French threat during the French & Indian War.

8. Review Questions 8. What was another name for the French and Indian War? (p. 122) The Seven Years War 9. Which section of colonies was the center for trade? (p.104) The New England Colonies

9. Review Questions 10. What was France left with in the Treaty of Paris? (p. 123) Small sugar producing colony in the West Indies. 11. What was the Middle Passage? (p. 105) Trip from Africa to the West Indies carrying enslaved Africans.

10. Essay # 1: Triangular Trade Leg of tradeGoods importedGoods exported Colonies to AfricaSlaves, gold, pepperRum, iron, gunpowder, cloth, tools Africa to the West Indies RumSlaves West Indies to Colonies Rum, gunpowder,toolsSlaves, sugar, molasses What was the Middle Passage? Describe conditions: Passage form Africa to the West Indies carrying slaves. Conditions for slaves were miserable. They were cramped, often chained together; many dies from disease, dehydration or suicide. Slaves were treated like cargo- not human beings.

11. Essay # 2: French and Indian War A.What caused the war? –English settlers moved onto land in the Ohio River Valley that France claimed belonged to them –English settlers were primarily farmers and cleared the land to make permanent settlements. B. What were the results of the war? –In the Treaty of Paris, Britain won all French land EAST of the Mississippi River and Canada. – French lands WEST of the Mississippi River went to Spain and Florida went to Britain – Britain was left with a huge debt after the war- they decided to pay this debt by requiring the colonies to pay taxes.