1. World History Mr. Taylor WORLD WAR I THE GREAT WAR 1914-1918

2. MARCHING TOWARDS WAR RISING TENSIONS IN EUROPE IMPERIALISM– Read setting the Stage –Page 407 The quest and competition for empires and colonies Led to rivalry and mistrust NATIONALISM A strong dedication to one nations culture- unifying and competitive force Power struggle in the Balkans and the collapse of the Ottoman Empire Read page 407

4. MILITARISM European Nations had undertaken a massive military buildup. Development of new weapons- Industrialization Even a minor disagreement had the potential to turn into armed conflict.- Detailed plans for military mobilization ALLIANCES- Before the war- Bismark and Wilhelm TRIPLE ALLIANCE- Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy TRIPLE ENTENTE- Great Britain, France and Russia-(2 Front War) Meant to Keep the PEACE- BALANCE OF POWER MARCHING TOWARDS WAR RISING TENSIONS IN EUROPE

6. BALKAN PENINSULA Ottoman Empire was in decline Many different Ethnic groups New nations were being formed- Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia Powder Keg of Europe Rise of nationalism- SERBIA- Page 409 MARCHING TOWARDS WAR RISING TENSIONS IN EUROPE

7. Arch Duke Franz Ferdinand and his lovely wife Sophie Gavrilo Princip- Serbian Nationalist June 28 th, 1914 Austria-Hungary makes humiliating demands of Serbia Austria- Hungary declares war – July 28 th, 1914 Russia supports Serbia Germany supports Austria-Hungary EUROPE’S ALLIANCES AND RIVALRIES TURNED THE ACTION OF A SINGLE ASSASSIN INTO A MAJOR CONFLICT WAR BREAKS OUT

8. Setting the Stage- Page 411 By mid August 1914, Battle Lines had been drawn Central Powers- Germany and Austria- Hungary Bulgaria and Ottoman Empire would join later Allied Powers- Great Britain, France and Russia Italy would join later In the late summer of 1914, millions of soldiers marched happily off to battle, convinced that the war would be short. Only a few people forsaw the horror ahead. One of them was Britain’s foreign minister, Sir Edward Grey. Staring out over London at nighfall, Grey said sadly to a friend, “The lamps are going out all over Europe. We shall not see them lit again in our lifetime.” EUROPE PLUNGES INTO WAR SECTION 2

9. BLOODY STALEMATE  Schlieffan Plan- Avoid a Two Front War- Russia and France  Belgium  Battle of the Marne  Western Front  Trench Warfare EUROPE PLUNGES INTO WAR SECTION 2

11. CHAPTER 26 SECTIONS 1 AND 2 QUESTIONS Page 782- 1b, 1c, 2a, 3a, 3b Terms- Page 779 (Key terms and People) Page 788- 1a,1b,2a,2b,3b Terms- Page 783- (Key terms and People) 1 st and 4 th hours only- #6 page 788 Due Wednesday at the beginning of the class

12. TRENCH WARFARE

13. WORLD WAR I BATTLEFIELD POISON GAS NO MANS LAND OVER THE TOP MACHINE GUNS HIGH EXPLOSIVE ARTILLARY SHELLS TANKS AIRCRAFT Read Page 413-414 TRENCH WARFARE

18. EUROPE PLUNGES INTO WAR SECTION 2 The Eastern Front German Russian Border More of a mobile front, unlike the Western Front Battle of Tannenberg- Russian offensive Russian war effort struggles-1916 War was going poorly Russia had not industrialized Allied supply shipments fell short- German control of the Baltic, U-boat patrols, Ottomans controlled the Straits Russia suffered terrible losses

20. EUROPE PLUNGES INTO WAR SECTION 2 World War I became a Global Conflict Setting the Stage- Page 417 War Affects the World Gallipoli Campaign- Attempt to take the Dardanelle's from the Ottoman Empire- Quickly became a stalemate Terrible allied losses- 250,000 Causalities Battles to Africa and Asia Japan overran German outposts in China Japan captured Germany’s pacific island colonies Read Page 418

22. Woodrow Wilson, President of the United States, wanted the U. S. to remain neutral “in thought as well as deeds” REASONS FOR AMERICAN INVOLVEMENT 1.U- Boat attacks- unrestricted 2.Lusitania Incident- May 7, 1915 3.Zimmerman Note 4.Cultural and Economic ties with Great Britain 1917 AMERICA DECLARES WAR ON THE CENTRAL POWERS -April 2nd AMERICA JOINS THE WAR

23. WAR ON THE HOMEFRONT TOTAL WAR- Requires the use of ALL of society’s resources. Factories began to produce military equipment Civilians were asked to conserve Control of public opinion PROPAGANDA- Information designed to influence people’s opinion WOMAN AND WAR Factory workers- Nurses

25. PROPAGANDA

27. Read the following-pgs. 786-788 Italian Front Battle of Verdun Battle of the Somme Battle of Ypres Gallipoli Campaign Armenian Massacre Other Fighting BATTLES OF THE WESTERN FRONT

28. Czar Nicholas II had promised reforms after the 1905 Revolution but failed to deliver. Russia Withdraws Russian Revolution Czar was imprisoned and executed Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Lenin and the BOLSHEVIK REVOLUTION Allows Germany to concentrate on the WESTERN FRONT ALLIES WIN THE WAR RUSSIA WTHDRAWS

29. FINAL GERMAN OFFENSIVE March, 1918- Germany mounted one final massive offensive May 1918- Victory seemed within reach Allied Counter-offensive- 140,000 American troops Second Battle of the Marne- Read Page 421 Nov 11 th - Armistice Page 421- Legacy of the War ALLIES WIN THE WAR RUSSIA WTHDRAWS

30. WOODROW WILSON AND HIS 14 POINTS 1.Reduction of Weapons 2.Right of people to choose their government-self- determination 3.Form a world peace organization Leaders of the 4 major Allied Powers wanted to punish Germany and wanted Germany to pay for the cost of the war Some Allied Powers wanted new territory TREATY OF VERSAILLES 1.Germany was forced to pay Reparations 2.Limited the size of Germany’s military 3.Germany lost land 4.League of Nations 5.Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire were broken up 6.Mandates and the Middle East 7.Balfour Declaration 8.The Troubled Treaty- Page 427 A DIFFICULT PEACE

33. THE COST OF THE WAR