1. Setting the Stage for Revolution: Absolute Monarchies
In your spiral, use the glossary & define:
divine right of kings
Absolutism
Absolute monarch (use the glossary & your brain to define)

2. Frayer Model: Absolutism Illustrated Dictionary
Frayer Model: Absolutism Illustrated Dictionary. Follow the directions below & place it in your spiral :
Copy down the dictionary definition of your word here.
Draw an illustration of your vocabulary word here.
Vocabulary Word
Define the word, using your own words.
How does this word apply to the United States in the 21st Century?

3. Absolute Monarchies in Europe 1550-1800
Spain
France
England
Austria
Prussia
Russia

4. Thirty Years’ War
1640: Holy Roman Empire has broken down into several Prussian (German) principalities.
Electors from the 7 major German states elect the Holy Roman emperor. Many other German states no longer recognize the power of the Holy Roman emperor.
1641: Ferdinand of Bohemia (Hapsburg king) elected emperor. He is Anti – Protestant. Tried to return Prussia (Germany) to Catholicism. Spain, Poland supported Ferdinand. Protestant countries – Sweden, Netherlands – sent troops into Prussia to protect Protestants. France comes in on side of Sweden to protect Alsace from Prussian control.
Over thirty years alliances continually changed.
War led to starvation, famine and disease. Area severely depopulated.
1648: Peace of Westphalia signed. France is clear winner, gains territory from Spain and Prussia, including Alsace. Prussia remains fragmented and Hapsburgs lose much power.

6. The Philosopher Behind the Age
Thomas Hobbes
1660 – Wrote the Leviathon (Giant)
Discussed the perfect government
People first lived in anarchy
Needed a “social contract”
Required an absolute monarch to maintain order
People retained the right only to maintain their lives.

7. Absolutism Summary Chart Use the remaining power point slides to complete the chart below
SPAIN
FRANCE
ENGLAND
AUSTRIA
PRUSSIA
RUSSIA
Government
monarchy
Leaders (Dates)
Phillip II absolute monarch ( )
Religion
Catholic
Economy
Richest in world, based on New World trade
Wars and Reforms
Defeats Ottomans in 1571

8. England - Pathway to Revolution 1603-1689
Elizabeth I (1558 – 1603) – Absolute ruler of England.
Kept Parliament on her side.
Stabilized the nation and expanded British territory.
Died without an heir.
Country had to decide who would replace her.

9. England - Pathway to Revolution 1603-1689

10. England – James I (1603 – 1625) James VI of Scotland
Became James I of England when Elizabeth I died.
Believed in Divine Right of Kings. “Kings are called gods because they sit upon God’s throne on earth.”
Ran up a huge debt in England.
Had Bible translated from Latin into English

11. England – Charles I
Absolute monarch - had no problem with putting his enemies in prison without trial
Ran up a huge debt
Dissolved Parliament in 1629
Touched off a massive civil war between supporters of Charles and supporters of Parliament led by Oliver Cromwell.
Charles I beheaded in 1649.
In England, no ruler could claim absolute power and ignore the rule of law.

12. England – Oliver Cromwell 1649 - 1658
Lord Protector – England
Ruled through the army
Exiled Catholics to Ireland
Strict Puritan laws passed – theaters closed, Sunday set aside for worship, no lewd dancing, taverns or gambling
Religious freedom for everyone else
When Cromwell died, Restoration began.

13. England – Charles II The Restoration 1660 - 1685
Popular ruler
Monarchy restored – Hence: Restoration
Bowed to the wishes of Parliament
Restored the Church of England
Stabilized government

14. England – James II 1685 - 1688 Absolute Ruler Antagonized Parliament
Ran up a huge debt
Openly Catholic
Forced from throne in what came to be called the Glorious Revolution
Struggle between king and parliament – page 425

15. Setting the Stage for Revolution: Absolute Monarchies
2. Read the American Bill of Rights. Which Amendment gives us the right to freedom of speech? (answer in your spirals)

16. England – William and Mary English Bill of Rights 1689
William and Mary given the throne after the Bill of Rights passed.
Guaranteed supremacy of Parliament over the monarchy.
Parliament had to meet on a regular basis
Monarchy could neither make nor suspend laws
Trial by jury reinstated.
Abolished fines and cruel and unusual punishment.
Affirmed “writ of habeas corpus” – no person can be held in prison without first being charged with a specific crime. Due process of laws.
Laid groundwork for American system of laws.

17. The Philosophy Advances
John Locke
1690
People first lived in anarchy
Needed a “social contract”
People gave up only SOME of their individual rights.
Kept the right to: - Live - Enjoy Liberty - Own Property
Rulers who violated these rights broke the social contract and could be overthrown.

18. France – Louis XIV Ruled 1643 - 1715
Called himself the Sun King
Believed in divine right. “L’etat, c’est moi.” (I am the state.)
Made French army the strongest in Europe
France was the wealthiest country in Europe under Louis XIV
Louis XIV spent huge amounts of money
Built Versailles. (page 419)
War of Spanish Succession (page 420)

19. Spain – Philip II Ruled 1556-1598
Sought to expand Spanish influence – ruled Spain when the empire was at its height. Included the Spanish New World
Devout: tried to strengthen Catholic church
Centralized royal power
Married Mary I of England – returned England to Catholicism
Invaded England with Spanish armada against Elizabeth I – lost

20. Russia – Peter the Great Ruled 1682-1725
Goal was to westernize Russia. Forced powerful boyars to bow to his will.
Built modern Western city for Russian capital – St. Petersburg.
Spread serfdom.
Studied Western technology. Worked in a shipyard
Extended Russian territory – to Pacific Ocean.
1700: Fought Sweden for control of Baltic. Gained several Baltic ports

21. Austria – Maria Theresa ruled 1740 - 1780
Absolute monarch of Austria
Fought Frederick II of Prussia for control of Hungary and Silesia
Reorganized the government
Enlightened Despot
Eased tax burden on her people
Gave more rights to her subjects
Gave birth to 16 children while in power

22. Prussia – Frederick II Ruled 1740-1786
Absolute ruler of Prussia (Germany)
Attacked Austria, sparking the War of Austrian Succession
Unified Prussia, part of the Holy Roman Empire, into one nation

23. Absolutism Summary Chart
SPAIN
FRANCE
ENGLAND
AUSTRIA
PRUSSIA
RUSSIA
Government
monarchy
Leaders (Dates)
Philip II absolute monarch ( )
Religion
Catholic
Economy
Richest in world, based on New World trade
Wars and Reforms
Defeats Ottomans in 1571