1. Essentials AP Government & Politics

2. AP Exam 60 multiple choice questions – 45 minutes Free-Response  100 minutes to answer four questions

3. Constitutional Convention Representation – Virginia Plan, New Jersey Plan - Solution = Connecticut Compromise or Great Compromise

4. Figure 3.1: Lines of Power in Three Systems of Government (cont’d)

5. Federalism Conditions of aid – Federal gov’t tells states what activities and policies must be in order to receive grant money Mandates – federal gov’t imposes its will outside the context of the grant. Ex. – civil rights & environmental protection

6. Political Theories: Who Governs? Four basic theories 1. Elite theory- 2. Bureaucratic theory- 3. Interest group theory- 4. Pluralist theory

7. American political assumptions Liberty Equality Democracy Civic duty Individual responsibility

8. Table 4.3: Commitment to Income Equity in Sweden and the United States

9. Figure 4.5: Changes in Levels of Political Tolerance, 1930-1999 Source: Gallup poll data, various years, as compiled by Professor John Zaller, Department of Political Science, UCLA; The Gallup Organization, Poll Releases (March 29, 1999), 2-6.

10. Sources of Political Attitudes The importance of family as an agent of political socialization

11. Table 5.2: The Gender Gap: Differences in Political Views of Men and Women

12. Table 5.4: African American and White Opinion

13. Voting Profiles that suggest likelihood of voting and likelihood of not voting

14. Figure 6.4: Voter Turnout in Presidential Elections, by Age, Schooling, and Race, 1964-1996 Source: Updated from Gary R. Orren, "The Linkage of Policy to Participation," in Presidential Selection, ed. Alexander Heard and Michael Nelson (Durham, N.C.: Duck University Press, 1987). Data for 1996 are from Statistical Abstract of the United States 1998, 296, as supplied by Christopher Blunt.

15. Elections Comparing Presidential and Congressional Campaigns

16. Presidential more competitive Fewer people vote in midterm elections (off- year elections) Congressional incumbents can serve their constituents Congressional candidates can campaign against Wash. DC Power of presidential coattails has declined What is the difference between presidential and congressional campaigns?

17. Political Parties Ticket splitting & divided governmnet

18. Figure 7.1: Decline in Party Identification, 1952- 2000: Source: National Election Studies, The NES Guide to Public Opinion and Electoral Behavior, 1952-2000, table 20.1.

19. Table 7.6: Political Opinions of Delegates and Voters

20. Interest Groups Activities of interest groups  Supplying information  Raising public support  Creating PACs – Super PACs  Litigation  Protest & disruption

21. Mass Media Gatekeeper Scorekeeper Watchdog

22. Congress Advantages of being an incumbent in understanding the dynamics of Congress

23. Source: Harold W. Stanley and Richard G. Niemi, Vital Statistics on American Politics, 1999-2000 (Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Press, 2000), table 1-18. Figure 11.2: Percentage of Incumbents Reelected to Congress

24. Standing Committees House – Ways & Means – taxes

25. The Presidency Leadership style

26. PRESIDENTIAL Style EISENHOWER-orderly, delegation of authority KENNEDY- improviser JOHNSON- master legislative strategist, who tended to micromanage NIXON- expertise in foreign policy FORD- many decisions were made in disorganized manner

27. CARTER- micromanage REAGAN-set policy priorities and then gave staff wide latitude BUSH-hands-on manager CLINTON-good communicator BUSH – tightly run White House, on message Obama- ?

28. The Bureaucracy The power of Congress to oversee the bureaucracy is fundamental to the system of checks and balances

29. Figure 13.3: Characteristics of Federal Civilian Employees, 1960 and 1999 Sources: Statistical Abstract of the United States, 1961, 392-394; Statistical Abstract of the United States, 2000, Nos. 450, 482, 500, 595, 1118.

30. Federal Courts Judicial activism v. judicial restraint

31. Political Agenda Involves virtually all of the participants in the policy-making process

32. Economic Policy How government influences the economy

33. Social Welfare Social Security Medicare Problems with funding

34. Military Powers War Powers Act

36. Civil Rights Brown v. Board of Education

37. Civil Liberties Incorporation doctrine