1. AP PRACTICE TEST SOME EXPLANATIONS

2. NEW INT’L DIVISION OF LABOR Transfer of some types of jobs, especially those requiring low-paid, less-skilled workers, from more developed to less developed countries. – Ex. Maquiladoras

3. FORWARD CAPITAL A forward capital is a symbolically relocated capital city usually because of either economic or strategic reasons. A forward capital is sometimes used to integrate outlying parts of a country into the state. – An example would be Brasília

4. SUPRANATIONAL ORGANIZATION Organizations of 3 or more states to promote shared objectives. They give up some of their autonomy/sovereignty in favor of group interests. – Ex. European Union INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION An alliance of 2 or more countries seeking cooperation with each other without giving up either’s autonomy or self-determination – NAFTA, UN

5. AGGLOMERATION Grouping together of many firms from the same industry in a single area for collective or cooperative use of infrastructure and sharing of labor resources. (opposite of this is deglomeration) – Ex. Computer industry clustering in Silicon Valley to take advantage of the highly skilled/trained labor force CONGLOMERATION A firm that is comprised of many smaller firms that serve several different functions. Think of transnationals. – Ex. General Motors, General Electric

6. TYPES OF BOUNDARIES 1.Antecedent – a boundary line established before an area is populated and carries little significance until the area becomes populated. -ex. Western boundary between U.S. and Canada drawn in 1846 before many people were out WEST - superimposed boundary - drawn after the area is populated and pays little attention to pre-existing social and cultural traditions – ex. European colonialism in Africa 2.Subsequent – Drawn while/after a an area is populated and respects existing social and cultural traditions - ex. Territories applying for statehood in the U.S. 3.Relic(t) – Old political boundaries that no longer exist as international borders, but have left an enduring mark on the local cultural or environmental topography - ex. Roman Empire