1. Aaron Raymond See Department of Electrical Engineering Southern Taiwan University 11/17/20151

2.   Introduction  Methodology  Preliminary Results  Conclusions  References Outline 11/17/20152

3.   Over 30 years…. EEG asymmetry  Emotional states  Psychophysiological conditions Introduction 11/17/20153 From: Carvalho A et al (2011) Journal of Affective Disorders, 129, pp. 143-148. Allen J (2004) Biological Psychology, 67, pp.1-5

4.  11/17/20154 Introduction Fig. 1 Frontal EEG asymmetry as a moderator. Model adapted from Baron and Kenney (1986). From: Coan J and Allen J (2004) Biological Psychology, 67:7-49.

5.   Effects of relatively greater left frontal activity:  General appetitive  Approachable  Behavioral activation  Motivational Introduction 11/17/20155

6.   Effects of greater right frontal activity  General avoidance  Withdrawal behaviors  Fear  Anxiety Introduction 11/17/20156

7.   EEG asymmetry measurement  Index computed through the difference between the natural logarithm of the left hemisphere alpha power from right hemisphere alpha power  = ln(right alpha power) – ln(left alpha power) Introduction 11/17/20157 From: Coan J and Allen J (2004) Biological Psychology, 67 :7-49. Jetha M et al (2009) International Journal of Psychophysiology, 72 : 228-233.

8.  Fig. 2 Scatterplots of the relation between EEG alpha asymmetry (ln right hemisphere minus ln left hemisphere power) in the frontal regions for eyes-open and eyes closed conditions. From: Jetha M et al (2009) International Journal of Psychophysiology, 72: 228-233. 11/17/20158 Introduction

9.   The factors may be considered as an index for the risk of anxiety and depression. Fig. 3 Spectral asymmetry index values averaged over a group of depressive and control subjects From: Coan J and Allen J (2004) Biological Psychology, 67:7-49. Smit DJA et al (2007) Biological Psychology, 74: 26-33. Hinrikus H et al (2009) Med Biol Eng Comput, 47: 1291-1299. Introduction 11/17/20159

10.  Fig. 4 Frontal asymmetry (mean and sd) in normal, remmitted and depressed elderly subjects. From: Carvalho et al. Journal of Affective Disorders, 129, pp. 143-148, 2011. 11/17/201510 Introduction

11.   Music was found to be correlated with emotional experience. Introduction 11/17/201511 Fig. 5 Differences among four musical excerpts on left and right frontal EEG alpha power From: Schmidt L and Trainor et al (2001) Cognition and Emotion, 14: 487-500.

12.  Objective: To determine the effects on EEG asymmetry of resting EEG after listening to melancholic music. Introduction 11/17/201512

13.  Subjects: 3 Male University Students Mean Age 20 Yrs Old Experimental procedure: Divided into 3 parts  1 st measure continuous resting eyes closed EEG 10 mins  2 nd listen to melancholic songs no EEG recording 10 mins  3 rd measure continuous resting eyes closed EEG 10 mins Methodology 11/17/201513

14.   Nu Amps Express of NeuroScan Company  16 channels were placed according to the 10-20 system  Impedance was kept at 5 kΩ  The channels recorded are composed of the following:  Fp1, Fp2, F3, F4, C3, and C4  Bandpass filtered using: 0.5-30 Hz  Sampling Frequency: 1000 Hz Methodology 11/17/201514

15.   Harmonic parameter extraction:  Beta, Alpha, Theta, Delta  Single side power of each harmonic parameter  Power is normalize  Asymmetry index  ln[right alpha] – ln[left alpha] Methodology 11/17/201515

16.  Preliminary Results Fig. 6 EEG asymmetry of subject 1 11/17/201516

17.  Preliminary Results Fig. 7 EEG asymmetry of subject 2 11/17/201517

18.  Preliminary Results Fig. 8 EEG asymmetry of subject 3 11/17/201518

19.  Preliminary Results Fig. 9 Average EEG asymmetry of 3 subjects 11/17/201519

20.  Subject 1 LeftRight BeforeAfterBeforeAfter Beta 9.6615.579.7715.70 Alpha 36.0139.4933.1738.15 Theta 52.6343.4255.4644.71 Delta 1.701.531.601.45 Preliminary Results Table 1. EEG asymmetry index comparison 11/17/201520

21.  Preliminary Results Fig. 10 EEG asymmetry comparison 11/17/201521

22.   Melancholic music presented to the subjects were able to display observable changes in the EEG asymmetry indexes and the normalized power of the harmonic parameters.  The asymmetry indexes were brought closer to the baseline after listening to the set of music.  Beta power increase and decrease were observed to affect theta changes. Conclusions 11/17/201522

23.   More experiments may determine new methods to provide a definitive test on emotional and psychological states. Conclusions 11/17/201523

24.  The authors would like to thank the financial support from National Science Council of Taiwan on grant number NSC 99-2221-E-218-012. Acknowledgements 11/17/201524

25.   P. Possel, (2008) Biological Psychology, 78: 173-178.  Wheeler RE et al (1993) Psychophysiology, 30 : 82–89.  Coan J and Allen J (2004) Biological Psychology, 67 : 7-49.  Jones NA, Field T, and Davalos M (1998) Infant behavior and Development, 21 : 527–530.  Coan JA, Allen JJ B ( 2003) The Asymmetrical Brain, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 565–615.  Davidson RJ (1993) Cognition and Emotion 7 : 115–138.  Harmon-Jones E and Allen JJ B (1997) Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 106: 159–163.  Hinrikus H et al (2009) Med Biol Eng Comput, 47 : 1291-1299.  Grin-Yatsenko et al (2010) Clinical Neurophysiology, 121 : 281-289. References 11/17/201525

26.   Harmon-Jones E, Gable P A, and Peterson C K (2010) Biological Psychology, 84 : 451-462.  Lin YP et al (2010) Neuroreport, 21 : 410-414.  Sokhadze E (2007) Applied Pyschophysiology and Biofeedback, 32 : 31-50.  Carvalho A et al (2011) Journal of Affective Disorders, 129 : 143-148.  Allen J (2004) Biological Psychology, 67 : 1-5.  Jetha M et al (2009) International Journal of Psychophysiology, 72 : 228-233.  Smit DJA et al (2007) Biological Psychology, 74: 26-33.  Schmidt L and Trainor et al (2001) Cognition and Emotion, 14: 487-500.  http://racqueldozier.blogspot.com/2011/04/mastering-your-emotions.html  http://mrdfourth90.com/all_class_sites/2010/Human_Body/data/CPemotion s.htm  http://novelideaslifeofateenwriter.wordpress.com/2011/01/05/traumatic-or- dramatic-life-after-a-death-scene/  http://www.medicalook.com/Mental_health/Anxiety.html 11/17/201526 References

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