1. Prehistoric Georgia The first inhabitants of Georgia

2. Prehistoric Native Americans ► Who were they? ► When did they arrive? ► Where was their original home? ► Why did they come? ► What did they eat? ► What kind of animals did they find here? ► Where did they live?

3. Vocabulary Terms ► Define:  Archeologist  Anthropologist  Shale  Artifact  Culture  Tribes  Antiquities

4. Understanding through Artifacts ► Oral Tradition: Elders repeated the narrative of events often until younger generations had memorized them ► Archeologists dig into earth to find artifacts (items made by people) that tell us about early inhabitants ► Shale: layered rock that can encase animals or birds

5. Understanding through Culture ► Anthropologists use artifacts, cave drawings, well-traveled pathways, and oral history to study a group’s culture ► Culture: shared beliefs, traditions, music, art, and social institutions of a group of people

6. Who, When, and How did Native Americans Arrive? ► During the Ice Age ► Approximately 12,000 years ago ► Original Native Americans arrived on foot from Asia ► Used passage known as Beringia  Served as “land bridge”  Possibly as wide as 1,300 miles

7. Who, When, and How? ► Migration unplanned ► Nomads wandered looking for food  as they traveled, others followed  Climate warmer, more food  Found woolly mammoths, mastodons, ground sloths, etc. All Native Americans descended from these Nomads

8. Who, When, and How? ► By 10,000 B.C. humans had arrived in what is now the Southeastern United States ► The following 11,700 years of history are divided into four traditions:  Paleo  Archaic  Woodland  Mississippian

9. Paleo-Indian Period Before 10,000 years ago 10,000 BC 10,000 BC 10,000 BC ► “Paleo” means “very old” ► Also called Old Stone Age ► Mainly ate large animals such as mammoths, bison, mastodons, & ground sloths

10. Paleo-Indian Period ► Early Indians never stayed in one place for long – no evidence of fixed shelter ► Camped in the open ► Sometimes dug pits or built shelters to protect against weather ► Followed herds of large animals

11. Paleo Indians ► Nomadic (roaming) hunters ► Most tools and spear points made of stone

12. ► What Native American tribe do lawyers like the most? The Sioux

14. Archaic Period 8000 B.C. to 1000 B.C. ► Archaic means “old” ► Three time spans  Early (8000 B.C.-5000 B.C.)  Middle (began around 5000 B.C.)  Late (4000 B.C.-1000 B.C.) ► Crude shelters; stayed in one place longer

15. Archaic Period

16. Archaic ► Hunted large animals and small game ► Invented tools from deer antlers ► Moved with each season to find best food resources ► Water levels moved back along rivers & coastal areas ► People began making hooks from animal bones ► Shellfish became a more common food ► Food became easier to find and there was less movement

17. Archaic ► Created grooved axes to clear trees and bushes ► Began saving and planting seeds for planting (horticulture) ► Made and used pottery for cooking and storing food

18. Woodland Period 1000 B.C. to A.D. 1000 ► Tribe: group of people sharing common ancestry, name, and way of living ► Hundreds of families formed tribes ► Built domed-shaped huts with trees ► Used bow and arrows to hunt ► Held religious ceremonies

19. Woodland Period ► Improved pottery making techniques ► Ate small game, fish, nuts, and berries ► Also planted crops such as squash & sunflowers

20. Mississippian Period 700 A.D. to 1600 A.D. ► Also called the Temple Mound Period ► Farmed with homemade tools and grew most of their own food  Crops (maize, beans, pumpkins, squash) ► Thousands lived in single settlement, protected by fences and moats ► Very religious; used jewelry and body art

21. Mississippian Period ► Ancient middens (garbage piles) show what people ate, how they used fire, what they used for cooking ► Ocmulgee National Monument near Macon reveals a large ceremonial area with benches and platforms ► Similar tools as Woodland period: stone hoes, copper headdresses

22. Mississippian Period ► Kolomoki Mounds  Blakely County ► Rock Eagle Mounds  Near Social Circle