1. DNA microarray

2. Biology Statistics (data analysis) Engineering (microfluidic, microfabrication, robotic automation…) Chemistry (surface modification) Optics (signal detection) Electronics, physics Research Integration

3. Gene Expression Gene Discovery Genotyping (SNPs) Drug Discovery Diagnosis Sequencing/resequencing Disease Barcoding, Drug Susceptibility Crop Improvement Basic Research

4. Preparation of DNA solution for microarray PCR amplification PCR product purification 96-well plate Quality control Collections of ESTs, library clones... DNA printing solution 384-well plate Re-racking

5. Modified from http://darwin.bio.uci.edu/~faculty/wagner/array2.html Printing of DNA microarray

6. Modified from http://darwin.bio.uci.edu/~faculty/wagner/array2.html Each spot represents different gene/clone

7. Flowers Leaves AAAAA mRNA isolation DNA microarray probe preparation cDNA labeling with fluorescent dyes

8. Modified from http://darwin.bio.uci.edu/~faculty/wagner/array2.html Flower Leaf DNA microarray hybridization

9. Modified from http://darwin.bio.uci.edu/~faculty/wagner/array2.html Labeled DNA hybridizes to corresponding DNA/gene

10. Laser excitation Cy5: ~650 nmCy3: ~550 nm Image overlay No changes Flower up-regulated genes Leaf up-regulated genes

11. Cy3 labeled cDNA from etiolated seedlings Cy5 labeled cDNA from green leaves Arabdidopsis 11.5K microarray

12. Girke et al. 2000 Detection of cross hybridization

13. Gygi et al. 1999 Correlation between protein and mRNA levels

14. Plant functional genomics Basic mechanism of plant growth and development Application in agricultural biotechnology 增加農作物產量 創造高營養價值之農作物 創造具高適應力之農作物 利用農作物作為生物反應器

15. DNA microarray and beyond….

16. Insertion site identification from knockout population Mahalingam and Fedoroff, PNAS (2001) 13, 7420-7425

17. Pollack et al. 1999 DNA copy number detection

18. Iyer et al. Nature (2001) 409,533-38 DNA-protein interaction

19. MacBeath et al. (2000) Science 289, 1760-3 Protein-protein interaction (protein microarray)