1. Satyanarayana Bheesette Roll number: 04412701 Supervisors Prof Raghava Varma, IIT Bombay Prof Naba Mondal, TIFR, Mumbai Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology Bombay August 2008 Design and Simulation Studies of Resistive Plate Chambers (Ph.D Progress Seminar)

2. August 23, 2008B.Satyanarayana Ph.D Progress Seminar, IIT Bombay2 Plan of the this presentation Long-term stability tests of RPCs Development of honeycomb pickup panels Development and study of electrode coatings Calibration and precision studies of the gas system Design and construction of prototype detector magnet Design and construction of prototype detector stack Electronics, trigger, DAQ and monitoring systems Analysis of ICAL prototype detector stack data Study of RPC cluster size Summary and conclusions Presentations and papers Acknowledgements

3. August 23, 2008B.Satyanarayana Ph.D Progress Seminar, IIT Bombay3 Next topic … Long term stability tests of RPCs Development of honeycomb pickup panels Development and study of electrode coatings Calibration and precision studies of the gas system Design and construction of prototype detector magnet Design and construction of prototype detector stack Electronics, trigger, DAQ and monitoring systems Analysis of ICAL prototype detector stack data Study of RPC cluster size Summary and conclusions Presentations and papers Acknowledgements

4. August 23, 2008B.Satyanarayana Ph.D Progress Seminar, IIT Bombay4 Long-term stability tests of RPCs Two small area RPCs made of Japanese glass Operated in avalanche mode No sign of any aging after continuous operation for 2.5 years Long-term tests stopped end of last year Wealth of data collected; conclusions made Tried another large area RPC in streamer mode this year Chamber died after a few weeks of operation

5. August 23, 2008B.Satyanarayana Ph.D Progress Seminar, IIT Bombay5 Next topic … Long-term stability tests of RPCs Development of honeycomb pickup panels Development and study of electrode coatings Calibration and precision studies of the gas system Design and construction of prototype detector magnet Design and construction of prototype detector stack Electronics, trigger, DAQ and monitoring systems Analysis of ICAL prototype detector stack data Study of RPC cluster size Summary and conclusions Presentations and papers Acknowledgements

6. August 23, 2008B.Satyanarayana Ph.D Progress Seminar, IIT Bombay6 Honeycomb pickup panel Terminations on the non-readout end Machined pickup strips on honeycomb panel Preamp connections on the readout end

7. August 23, 2008B.Satyanarayana Ph.D Progress Seminar, IIT Bombay7 Measurement of characteristic impedance Recipe: Tune terminating impedance for each strip width until the reflected signal for injected charge pulse disappear.

8. August 23, 2008B.Satyanarayana Ph.D Progress Seminar, IIT Bombay8 Pulse profiles while measuring Z 0 100  51  Open 48  100 

9. August 23, 2008B.Satyanarayana Ph.D Progress Seminar, IIT Bombay9 Next topic … Long-term stability tests of RPCs Development of honeycomb pickup panels Development and study of electrode coatings Calibration and precision studies of the gas system Design and construction of prototype detector magnet Design and construction of prototype detector stack Electronics, trigger, DAQ and monitoring systems Analysis of ICAL prototype detector stack data Study of RPC cluster size Summary and conclusions Presentations and papers Acknowledgements

10. August 23, 2008B.Satyanarayana Ph.D Progress Seminar, IIT Bombay10 Electrode coating technique Graphite paint prepared using colloidal grade graphite powder(3.4gm), lacquer(25gm) and thinner(40ml) is sprayed on the glass electrodes using an automobile spray gun. A uniform, stable graphite coat of desired surface resistivity (100-200K  /  ) can be obtained by this method.

11. August 23, 2008B.Satyanarayana Ph.D Progress Seminar, IIT Bombay11 Specifications of the new spray paint

12. August 23, 2008B.Satyanarayana Ph.D Progress Seminar, IIT Bombay12 Prototype of automatic painting machine

13. August 23, 2008B.Satyanarayana Ph.D Progress Seminar, IIT Bombay13 Screen printing parameter optimisation

14. August 23, 2008B.Satyanarayana Ph.D Progress Seminar, IIT Bombay14 Study on effect of thinner on the resistivity

15. August 23, 2008B.Satyanarayana Ph.D Progress Seminar, IIT Bombay15 Technique of screen printing on glass

16. August 23, 2008B.Satyanarayana Ph.D Progress Seminar, IIT Bombay16 Next topic … Long-term stability tests of RPCs Development of honeycomb pickup panels Development and study of electrode coatings Calibration and precision studies of the gas system Design and construction of prototype detector magnet Design and construction of prototype detector stack Electronics, trigger, DAQ and monitoring systems Analysis of ICAL prototype detector stack data Study of RPC cluster size Summary and conclusions Presentations and papers Acknowledgements

17. August 23, 2008B.Satyanarayana Ph.D Progress Seminar, IIT Bombay17 New gas system features 16 pneumatically controlled outputs Molecular sieve based input filter columns Nippon Tylan made model FC-760 MFCs Parker made fine filters on the mixed gas On-line moister readout on mixed gas Output flow control by SS 0.3mm capillaries Bleeder bubblers for RPC protection Facility to add controlled moister into the mixture Computer interface for control and monitoring

18. August 23, 2008B.Satyanarayana Ph.D Progress Seminar, IIT Bombay18 Front-view of the new gas system

19. August 23, 2008B.Satyanarayana Ph.D Progress Seminar, IIT Bombay19 Precision calibration of the gas system R134a ArgonIso-butane SF 6

20. August 23, 2008B.Satyanarayana Ph.D Progress Seminar, IIT Bombay20 Cross-calibration of the gas system Calibration done using water displacement method Calibrated against the MFC monitor voltage Cross-calibration procedure –Glass/hard plastic tube with precise inner diameter chosen. Placed on a perfectly horizontal surface. –Water droplet introduced through an opening on one end of the tube –Gas connected to this end –Gas moves the water droplet forward α gas flow –Distance, time intervals measured –Gas volume computed and compared with displayed value

21. August 23, 2008B.Satyanarayana Ph.D Progress Seminar, IIT Bombay21 Next topic … Long-term stability tests of RPCs Development of honeycomb pickup panels Development and study of electrode coatings Calibration and precision studies of the gas system Design and construction of prototype detector magnet Design and construction of prototype detector stack Electronics, trigger, DAQ and monitoring systems Analysis of ICAL prototype detector stack data Study of RPC cluster size Summary and conclusions Presentations and papers Acknowledgements

22. August 23, 2008B.Satyanarayana Ph.D Progress Seminar, IIT Bombay22 Magnet iron installation T and C Sections of the magnetAssembled magnet

23. August 23, 2008B.Satyanarayana Ph.D Progress Seminar, IIT Bombay23 B-H curve for prototype magnet Steel sample size: 68cm  43.5 cm  4.8 cm Number of turns in coil: 25

24. August 23, 2008B.Satyanarayana Ph.D Progress Seminar, IIT Bombay24 Next topic … Long-term stability tests of RPCs Development of honeycomb pickup panels Development and study of electrode coatings Calibration and precision studies of the gas system Design and construction of prototype detector magnet Design and construction of prototype detector stack Electronics, trigger, DAQ and monitoring systems Analysis of ICAL prototype detector stack data Study of RPC cluster size Summary and conclusions Presentations and papers Acknowledgements

25. August 23, 2008B.Satyanarayana Ph.D Progress Seminar, IIT Bombay25 Schematic of the prototype detector stack

26. August 23, 2008B.Satyanarayana Ph.D Progress Seminar, IIT Bombay26 Prototype detector stack and the DAQ

27. August 23, 2008B.Satyanarayana Ph.D Progress Seminar, IIT Bombay27 Next topic … Long-term stability tests of RPCs Development of honeycomb pickup panels Development and study of electrode coatings Calibration and precision studies of the gas system Design and construction of prototype detector magnet Design and construction of prototype detector stack Electronics, trigger, DAQ and monitoring systems Analysis of ICAL prototype detector stack data Study of RPC cluster size Summary and conclusions Presentations and papers Acknowledgements

28. August 23, 2008B.Satyanarayana Ph.D Progress Seminar, IIT Bombay28 Schematic of prototype detector DAQ

29. August 23, 2008B.Satyanarayana Ph.D Progress Seminar, IIT Bombay29 Preamp for prototype detector Built as a cascade of BMC1595/BMC1597 and BMC1513 HMCs, developed at BARC, Electronics Division Overall gain of about 80. Rise and fall times are about 3nS and 6nS Noise band within ±7mV

30. August 23, 2008B.Satyanarayana Ph.D Progress Seminar, IIT Bombay30 Gain characteristics of preamplifier

31. August 23, 2008B.Satyanarayana Ph.D Progress Seminar, IIT Bombay31 16-channel analog front-end Functions –To digitize the preamp signals –To form the pre-trigger (Level- 0) logic –Signal shaping Features –Based on the AD96687 ultra- fast comparator –Common adjustable threshold going up to 500mV –V Th now at -20mV –ECL output for low I/O delay and fast rise times

32. August 23, 2008B.Satyanarayana Ph.D Progress Seminar, IIT Bombay32 32-channel digital front-end Functions –Latch RPC strip status on trigger –Transfer latched data serially through a daisy chain to the readout module –Time-multiplex strip signals for noise rate monitoring –Generate Level-1 trigger signals Features –Latch, shift register, multiplexer are implemented in CPLD XC95288 –Trigger logic is built into a CPLD XC9536; flexible –Data transfer rates of up to 10MHz

33. August 23, 2008B.Satyanarayana Ph.D Progress Seminar, IIT Bombay33 Control and data router To route the control signals and shift clock from controller to the individual FEP modules To route the latch data from all the FEPs to the readout module To route strip signals from FEPs to the scalers for noise rate monitoring

34. August 23, 2008B.Satyanarayana Ph.D Progress Seminar, IIT Bombay34 Trigger and TDC router To route the m-Fold signals from each RPC plane to the final trigger module To route TDC stop signals (1-Fold) from each plane to the TDC module All signals are in LVDS logic, except TDC stop signals which are in ECL logic for achieving better timing resolution

35. August 23, 2008B.Satyanarayana Ph.D Progress Seminar, IIT Bombay35 Data and monitor control module On FTO, triggers all the FEPs to latch the strip signals Initiates serial data transfer to the readout module Manages the noise rate monitoring of strip signals, by generating periodic interrupts and selecting channels to be monitored sequentially CAMAC interface for parameter configuration (like data transfer speed, size, monitoring period) as well as diagnostic procedures

36. August 23, 2008B.Satyanarayana Ph.D Progress Seminar, IIT Bombay36 Data and monitor readout Module Supports two serial connections for event data recording of X and Y planes and 8 channels for noise rate monitoring Serial Data converted into 16-bit parallel data and stored temporarily in 4k FIFO buffer Source of LAM for external trigger source CAMAC interface for data readout to Computer

37. August 23, 2008B.Satyanarayana Ph.D Progress Seminar, IIT Bombay37 Final trigger module Receives m-fold layer triggers and generates m  n fold final trigger Final trigger out (FTO) invokes LAM and is Logic Trigger Out (LTO) vetoed by gated LAM Inputs can be selectively masked The rates of different m  n combinations counted by embedded 16-bit scalers Rate monitoring of LTO signal using the built in 24-bit scaler Logic inputs and m  n signals are latched on an FTO and can be read via CAMAC commands Implementing using FPGA adds to circuit simplicity and flexibility

38. August 23, 2008B.Satyanarayana Ph.D Progress Seminar, IIT Bombay38 Next topic … Long-term stability tests of RPCs Development of honeycomb pickup panels Development and study of electrode coatings Calibration and precision studies of the gas system Design and construction of prototype detector magnet Design and construction of prototype detector stack Electronics, trigger, DAQ and monitoring systems Analysis of ICAL prototype detector stack data Study of RPC cluster size Summary and conclusions Presentations and papers Acknowledgements

39. August 23, 2008B.Satyanarayana Ph.D Progress Seminar, IIT Bombay39 Typical cosmic ray muon event

40. August 23, 2008B.Satyanarayana Ph.D Progress Seminar, IIT Bombay40 Efficiency time profile of an RPC

41. August 23, 2008B.Satyanarayana Ph.D Progress Seminar, IIT Bombay41 RPC absolute time resolution plots

42. August 23, 2008B.Satyanarayana Ph.D Progress Seminar, IIT Bombay42 RPC relative time resolution plots

43. August 23, 2008B.Satyanarayana Ph.D Progress Seminar, IIT Bombay43 RPC Id HV(KV) Mean(nS) Sigma(nS) RelMean(nS) RelSigma(nS) AB06 09.8 49.53 2.06 -7.64 1.41 JB00 09.6 46.00 2.32 -4.47 1.67 IB01 09.8 42.31 2.15 -0.64 1.63 JB01 09.6 42.55 2.28 -0.87 1.58 JB03 09.8 43.75 2.26 -2.18 1.44 IB02 09.8 38.49 2.31 3.27 1.38 AB02 09.8 42.77 2.53 -1.21 1.51 AB01 09.8 35.30 2.16 6.33 1.71 AB03 09.8 45.82 3.23 -4.55 1.99 AB04 09.8 41.66 2.42 Reference RPC AB07 09.8 40.61 2.47 0.96 1.35 AB08 09.8 41.56 2.80 0.31 1.82 RPC-wise timing parameters

44. August 23, 2008B.Satyanarayana Ph.D Progress Seminar, IIT Bombay44 RPC strip hit summary RPC Id = AB08 HV = 09.8KV No strips hit : 35 [ 5.4] Strips 15 + 16 : 408 [62.4] Strips 16 + 17 : 619 [94.6] Strips 15 + 17 : 425 [65.0] Strips 15 + 16 + 17 : 619 [94.6] Strips 15 x 16 : 0 [ 0.0] Strips 16 x 17 : 214 [32.7] Strips 15 x 17 : 0 [ 0.0] Strips 15 x 16 x 17 : 0 [ 0.0] Strips 15~ x 16~ x 17 : 211 [32.3] Strips 15 x 16~ x 17~ : 0 [ 0.0]

45. August 23, 2008B.Satyanarayana Ph.D Progress Seminar, IIT Bombay45 Strip hit map of an RPC in a run

46. August 23, 2008B.Satyanarayana Ph.D Progress Seminar, IIT Bombay46 RPC strip rate time profiles

47. August 23, 2008B.Satyanarayana Ph.D Progress Seminar, IIT Bombay47 Next topic … Long-term stability tests of RPCs Development of honeycomb pickup panels Development and study of electrode coatings Calibration and precision studies of the gas system Design and construction of prototype detector magnet Design and construction of prototype detector stack Electronics, trigger, DAQ and monitoring systems Analysis of ICAL prototype detector stack data Study of RPC cluster size Summary and conclusions Presentations and papers Acknowledgements

48. August 23, 2008B.Satyanarayana Ph.D Progress Seminar, IIT Bombay48 RPC strip cluster size analysis RPCSize AB011.1 AB022.3 AB032.2 AB042.3 AB064.0 AB072.4 AB081.9 IB012.2 IB021.1 JB001.6 JB013.0 JB031.1

49. August 23, 2008B.Satyanarayana Ph.D Progress Seminar, IIT Bombay49 Next topic … Long-term stability tests of RPCs Development of honeycomb pickup panels Development and study of electrode coatings Calibration and precision studies of the gas system Design and construction of prototype detector magnet Design and construction of prototype detector stack Electronics, trigger, DAQ and monitoring systems Analysis of ICAL prototype detector stack data Study of RPC cluster size Summary and conclusions Presentations and papers Acknowledgements

50. August 23, 2008B.Satyanarayana Ph.D Progress Seminar, IIT Bombay50 Next topic … Long-term stability tests of RPCs Development of honeycomb pickup panels Development and study of electrode coatings Calibration and precision studies of the gas system Design and construction of prototype detector magnet Design and construction of prototype detector stack Electronics, trigger, DAQ and monitoring systems Analysis of ICAL prototype detector stack data Study of RPC cluster size Summary and conclusions Presentations and papers Acknowledgements

51. August 23, 2008B.Satyanarayana Ph.D Progress Seminar, IIT Bombay51 Presentations and papers 1.Development of glass Resistive Plate Chambers for INO experiment, Proceedings of RPC2007, Nuclear Instruments and Methods A, In press 2.INO prototype detector and data acquisition system, Proceedings of RPC2007, Nuclear Instruments and Methods A, In press 3.Development of conductive coated polyester film as RPC electrodes using screen printing, Proceedings of RPC2007, Nuclear Instruments and Methods A, In press 4.On-line gas mixing and multi-channel distribution system, Proceedings of RPC2007, Nuclear Instruments and Methods A, In press 5.RPC exhaust gas recovery by open loop method, Proceedings of RPC2007, Nuclear Instruments and Methods A, In press 6.Development of glass Resistive Plate Chambers for INO, Proceedings of International Conference on High Energy Physics, University of Philadelphia, July 29 - August 5, 2008 7.Development and characterisation of large area glass Resistive Plate Chambers for the ICAL detector at INO, Proceedings of Nuclear Physics Symposium, Sambalpur University, December 11-15, 2007 8.Electronics and data acquisition system for prototype INO-ICAL detector, Proceedings of Nuclear Physics Symposium, Sambalpur University, December 11-15, 2007 9.Development of Resistive Plate Chambers for INO ICAL detector, Invited talk at University of Roma Tor Vergata, November 2, 2007 10.Electronics for the INO ICAL detector, Presentation at KEK, Japan, November 27, 2007 11.Commissioning of ICAL prototype detector electronics, Presentation at INO Collaboration meeting, BARC, April 13-14, 2008 12.Electronics, trigger and data acquisition systems for the INO ICAL detector, Presentation at INO Collaboration meeting, BARC, April 13-14, 2008 13.Possible schemes for INO-ICAL electronics, Presentation at INO Electronics Meeting, TIFR, September 21, 2007 14.The joy and challenge of doing experimental particle physics, CBS Colloquium, August 12, 2008

52. August 23, 2008B.Satyanarayana Ph.D Progress Seminar, IIT Bombay52 Next topic … Long-term stability tests of RPCs Development of honeycomb pickup panels Development and study of electrode coatings Calibration and precision studies of the gas system Design and construction of prototype detector magnet Design and construction of prototype detector stack Electronics, trigger, DAQ and monitoring systems Analysis of ICAL prototype detector stack data Study of RPC cluster size Summary and conclusions Presentations and papers Acknowledgements

53. August 23, 2008B.Satyanarayana Ph.D Progress Seminar, IIT Bombay53 Acknowledgements Prof Raghava Varma, IIT Bombay Prof Naba Mondal, TIFR, Mumbai Prof Basant Nandi, IIT Bombay Prof S.Uma Sankar, IIT Bombay INO detector development & electronics design teams’ colleagues