1. Scientific Method & Measurements

2. 1. Why do we use the scientific method? 2. List one part of the scientific method. Warm up:

3. Science Science is knowledge gained through observation and experiments

4. Steps of The Scientific Method Observation Problem / Question Hypothesis Procedures / Experiment Data Conclusion RETEST (if needed)

5. START Observations: Information gathered from your surroundings that may lead to a problem or question

6. Hypotheses Tentative and testable statements to be proven. Test ONE variable at a time. The rest of the environment must remain constant!

7. Theory Theory- an explanation of natural phenomenon supported by evidence No evidence to disprove it No evidence to disprove it Can have multiple theories about something. Can have multiple theories about something. Scientific Law: formed from making observations and NO exceptions have been found. (Usually a math equation like Newton’s Law of Gravity) Charles Darwin Theory of Evolution

8. Hypothesis, Theory or Law? 1. We all descended from a common ancestor. 2. Life on Earth began due to aliens. 3. Since ink is transferred to paper, it can be transferred to anything.

9. Control Groups PROCEDURES/EXPERIMENT Control Groups All conditions are kept the same All conditions are kept the same Take away independent variable to make sure the test is valid.

10. Experimental Groups PROCEDURES/EXPERIMENT Experimental Groups Group is subjected to a change Group is subjected to a change Independent Variable – variable that is changed Independent Variable – variable that is changed Dependent Variable – the variable that changes in response to the independent variable Dependent Variable – the variable that changes in response to the independent variable   Measured with accuracy (close to the actual, true value) and precision (if repeated, should have the same results

11. Control Or Experimental Group? Independent OR Dependent Variable? Group 1: Tomato Plant grown in soil with water Group 2: Tomato Plant grown in soil with Fertilizer and water Months later… Normal size Fertilizer makes it larger

12. Quality vs Quantity DATA/RESULTS Quality vs Quantity Qualitative Data- observable data Qualitative Data- observable data Observations using senses Observations using senses No numbers No numbers Color, shape, smell, etc Color, shape, smell, etc Ex. The sky is blue Ex. The sky is blue Quantitative Data- measurable data Quantitative Data- measurable data Numbers Numbers Height, length, time, temperature, etc Height, length, time, temperature, etc Ex. He is 6ft tall Ex. He is 6ft tall Accuracy – how close measurements are to an actual result Accuracy – how close measurements are to an actual result

13. Qualitative OR Quantitative?

14. GraphingDE PY E NA DX EI NS T X AXIS INDEPENDENT D-R-YM-I-X D ependent M anipulate R esponsive I ndependent Y axis X axis

15. Graphing Rules RULES FOR GRAPHS: 1.Title 2.Labels ( X and Y axis) 3.Increments must be equal 4.Key or legend

16. Based on the graph below, what do you expect will happen to the temperature on day 9?

17. Form a conclusion from data by what you actually see. Inferences: Making further reasoning from evidence. Not always true (infer something based on an observation) and may lead to further testing. If hypothesis is proven true, additional trials will prove validity. CONCLUSIONS