1. 09/22/07Andrew Frank1 E-cadastre in Europe: about National Spatial Data Infrastructure Andrew U. Frank Geoinformation TU Vienna frank@geoinfo.tuwien.ac.at www.geoinfo.tuwien.ac.at

2. 09/22/07 Overview 1. Cadastre is part of Spatial Data Infrastructure 2. eCadastre 3. Conclusions 80% of all decisions contain a spatial element, therefore spatial reference is crucial for all administrative operations.

3. 09/22/07 Why is Spatial Data Infrastructure? Infrastructure are the installations which are necessary for modern society. e.g. water, sewage, communication, energy, police, education.. Data Infrastructure: Data collections necessary for IT based government (e-goverment) ‏

4. 09/22/07 Ontological Detour to Clarify Need Three components: physical reality -- real objects legal reflection (social construction) -- legal objects IT reflection (data) ‏ -- data: identifier + descriptions

5. 09/22/07 Data Infrastructure = System of References Necessary for citizens to conduct transactions, connecting physical reality to data.

6. 09/22/07 Reference Systems: Time (calender, clock) ‏ Space Persons Objects All of them are part of physical reality!

7. 09/22/07 Spatial Reference Systems: Coordinates GPS and conversion to national grid, difference geometric GPS height and physical height (geopotential) ‏ Spatial Reference Objects Ownership parcels Buildings, doors -> street address Land use areas

8. 09/22/07 Creation of Spatial Reference Objects: Bona fide objects: buildings doors letter boxes streets parcels areas of uniform land cover Fiat: Ownership parcels Political subdivisions

9. 09/22/07 NSDI needs: Spatial reference objects cover all of the national territory Uniform, unique identifier Maintained Public access

10. 09/22/07 Simplicity! Only simple system can be maintained, only maintained systems can be used, only used systems are maintained! Decide on spatial reference objects based on strong use cases!

11. 09/22/07 Standardize Spatial Reference Objects Legal definition are the source of administrative procedures, therefore: define reference objects by law and avoid multiplicity! Define an operational process on how to convert a physical observation to a spatial reference object.

12. 09/22/07 Identifiers Avoid “meaningful” identifiers because these tend to change over time. Example: parcel code consisting of municipality code and number. Define when an object is changing and when it becomes a new object. Identifiers are used by other to attach their data to the reference object.

13. 09/22/07 Public Access to NSDI Allow unlimited (including commercial) access and use of NSDI Produce minimal standardized products; additional, refined and specialized products should be the product of private companies.

14. 09/22/07 E-Cadastre Ownership parcels are crucial reference objects. Most countries the most detailed, complete coverage of territory. Differentiate: Access to cadastre data should be public, but protect privacy. European project to achieve uniform access across borders. Transactions in cadastre typically protect the citizens and require qualified forms (written document notarized). Probably no e-government transactions required (nor desirable).

15. 09/22/07 Conclusions 1. e-cadastre is part of National Spatial Data Infrastructure 2. Problem is conceptual, not technical 3. Spatial reference system (GPS to National Grid conversions) ‏ 4. Define spatial reference objects uniformly and with unique identifiers.

16. 09/22/07 Conclusions 2: 5. Ownership parcels registered in cadastre are most detailed spatial reference objects. 6. Unlimited public access to NSDI data (encourage commercial use!) ‏ 7. Standardized access, but privacy protections to cadastre data; no need for transactions.