1. Damage to Bolu Viaduct from Earthquakes in Turkey Euridice A. Oware Advisor: Dr. Mete Sozen

2. Introduction Bolu Mountain Tunnel Project $ 1.5 billion Improve Transportation in the Mountainous Terrain to the West of Bolu Between Istanbul and Ankara. Contains: –Two 3.2-km Tunnels –Two Viaducts; One Almost Completed

3. Location

4. Project Location 1

5. Viaduct 1 (Western Viaduct)

6. Viaduct 1 - Details Length is 2.3 km Max Pier Height is 49 meters Maximum Span 39.6 meters Number of Piers: 58 North, 57 South Pier Foundations 12-pile Group with 1.8 m Diameter Friction Pile

7. Earthquakes 2 Earthquakes - North Anatolian Fault August 17, 1999: Kocaeli-Goluck Earthquake –M of 7.4, 45 seconds –Viaduct Performed Well November 12, 1999: Duzce-Bolu Earthquake –M of 7.2 –Suffered More Damage

8. Observations Viaduct Deck Moved in Longitudinal Direction Beyond Design Limits. Horizontal Displacements

9. Observations Failed Dampers

10. Observations Rotation of Piers At the Expansion Joints

11. Report Goals Overview of the Viaduct Project Geology of Bolu Valley Geologist Map of Fault Zone Describe the Damage From Observations Damping Devices

12. Thank You!!!!