1. Q: What are enumerated powers? A: Powers expressly written in the Constitution

2. Q: How does the election of the President differ from a Prime Minister? A: Legislative branch chooses Prime Minister, while President elected by people

3. Q: What is bureaucracy? A: Governmental departments and agencies and their staffs, principally civil service members and political appointees.

4. Q: What does a Writ of Certiorari do? A: Requires the lower courts to send records of a case to the Supreme Court.

5. Q: Describe how a Bill becomes a law A: 1. Committee Assignments- Subcommittees give bills rigorous scrutiny 2. Hearings- Public hearings are scheduled to gather information 3. Deliberations- “Mark Up Sessions” called to make changes 4. Report- A written report is given to members of the house on a bill to be considered 5. Floor Vote- Bill is placed on the calendar for debate and vote in the full house 6. Referral to the other chamber- When a bill passes in one house, it then goes to the other house where the entire process is repeated 7. Conference Committee- Members from both houses that worked on the bill will meet to reach a compromise. If they can reach an agreement, the bill is sent back to both houses for an up or down vote 8. Referral to the president- The president has 3 options with a bill. Veto, Pocket veto, and signing the bill.

6. Q: Identify one way Parliament differs from Congress A: Representation (houses represent classes) Separation of Powers (Parliament is intertwined with other branches) Length of terms (Elections are not fixed in Parliament) Federalism (power delegated to local governments by federal in GB)

7. Q: What is a filibuster? A: The practice of refusing to surrender the floor during a debate to prevent the Senate from voting on a proposal.

8. Q: What is original jurisdiction? A: In some cases, such as those in which a state is the party, the Supreme Court has the right to consider the facts and the law in a case without it having first been passed on by the lower court.

9. Q: Identify a power denied to Congress. A: Cannot stop importation of slave for 20 years Cannot suspend Habeas Corpus No Bill of Attainder or Ex Post Facto laws No Direct Tax No Taxation on Exports from states No money from treasury without appropriation made by law No titles of nobility

10. Q: What are the 4 methods of Constitutional interpretation? A: Textualism, Original Intent, Fundamental Principles, Modernism

11. Q: What is lobbying? A: The practice of attempting to affect legislation by influencing legislators

12. Q: Identify 2 checks placed on the Supreme Court. A: Self imposed limits (refuse to hear political, no advisory) Presidential appointments to the Court Executive Enforcement (refuse to enforce rulings) Congressional Powers (budget, Amendments) Federalism (states enforce rulings)

13. Q: Describe the committee system of Congress. A: Groups in Congress that have jurisdiction over particular subjects and work on proposed legislation

14. Q: What is patronage? A: Support, often financial, given by a person or institution to a person, group, or institution in need. ex: Rewarding supporters by giving them permanent government jobs.

15. Q: Define Cabinet. A: The group of advisors to the president composed of the heads of the departments of the executive branch and certain other officials. Cabinet advice to U.S. presidents

16. Q: How has the Presidency evolved? A: Presidency changes based on who is in office. Powerful presidents expanded the power of the president to create change they thought necessary to best serve the United States.

17. Q: What is impeachment? A: Charging a public official with a crime while in office and bringing him or her to trial. Convicted officials are removed from office.

18. Q: What is the Rule of Four? A: Upon review, if 4 out of 9 Supreme Court Justices believe the case has merit, they agree to hear the case.

19. Q: What are the 3 categories of Executive Agencies? A: 1. Executive departments 2. Executive Office of the President (EOP) 3. Independent Agencies

20. Q: How are states “testing grounds”? A: States can choose to try new and innovative programs. Initiative, referendum, recall Ex. Environmental protection and health care

21. Q: Representation in the House of Representatives is based on what? A: Population

22. Q: Define seniority. A: Length of service. In the House of Representatives of the Senate, certain powers and responsibilities of congressional members, such as committee chairmanships, are granted on the basis of their time in office.

23. Q: Name one role of the President in foreign policy. A: Commanding the Armed Forces Making treaties Appointing ambassadors Receiving ambassadors

24. Q: Identify one Constitutional power given to the Supreme Court. A: Article III created Supreme Court Life tenure for justices Federal courts have specific jurisdiction regarding national laws and people from more than one state Trial by jury

25. Q: Identify one place where ideas for bills come from. A: The executive branch Constituents Interest Groups Lobbyists

26. Q: Give an example of federalism today. A: Ex. gay marriage, marijuana, etc.

27. Q: What is a dissenting opinion? A: A Supreme Court Justice on the minority side of a decision can write a dissenting opinion. This states their reasons for disagreeing with the decision using legal reasons.

28. Q: What is a veto? A: The right of a branch of government to reject a proposed law that has been passed by another branch in an effort to delay or prevent its enactment.

29. Q: Identify a Constitutional power given to the President. A: Commander in Chief Head of the Executive Branch Granting reprieves and pardons Making treaties Nominating ambassadors Recommend legislation Receive legislation passed by Congress Receive ambassadors and other diplomats

30. Q: What is the Civil Service? A: Employment in federal, state, or provincial, and local governmental agencies. The civil service was formed in an effort to reduce political patronage and promote professionalism in government.

31. Q: Under the Articles of Confederation, who had the most power? A: The states

32. Q: How are Presidential powers limited? A: Rejecting the President’s legislative agenda (Congress) Asserting its Constitutional authority (Congress) Refusing to ratify treaties (Congress) Refusing to confirm Presidential appointments (Congress) Refusing to fund the President’s programs (Congress) Removing the president from office (Congress) Judicial branch can also limit, by declaring acts of the President unconstitutional.

33. Q: What is the power of judicial review? A: The power of the courts to declare laws and actions of the local and state governments or national government invalid if they are found to contradict the U.S. Constitution.

34. Q: What is appellate jurisdiction? A: The legal authority of a court to hear appeals from a lower court.

35. Q: What is gerrymandering? A: Drawing the boundaries of an electoral district to favor a political party.

36. Q: What is a bill? A: A proposed law placed before a legislature for approval.

37. Q: Name one Executive Department. A: Department of: Agriculture Commerce Defense Education Energy Health and Human Services Homeland Security Housing and Urban Development Justice State Interior Treasury Transportation Veteran Affairs