1. The PSA Conundrum: Test or Die Patient Imperatives in the face of professional controversy Virgil Simons Founder & President The Prostate Net, Inc.®

2. What are the odds…  Of dying after being physically attacked - 1:7,336,000  Of being struck by lightning - 1:835,500  Of dying in a plane/train/car accident - 1:6,279  Of having a heart attack - 1:53  Of dying from prostate cancer - 1:36  Of getting prostate cancer - 1:6  Source: The Book of Odds; American Cancer Society  Of dying after being physically attacked - 1:7,336,000  Of being struck by lightning - 1:835,500  Of dying in a plane/train/car accident - 1:6,279  Of having a heart attack - 1:53  Of dying from prostate cancer - 1:36  Of getting prostate cancer - 1:6  Source: The Book of Odds; American Cancer Society

3. Early Disease Detection Barriers  U.S. vs European conflict on screening  No consensus among U.S. agencies  Lack of “Risk” determination  Compared to Women:  Men are less likely to utilize the health care system  Men are less likely to carry health insurance  More likely to delay seeking healthcare  U.S. vs European conflict on screening  No consensus among U.S. agencies  Lack of “Risk” determination  Compared to Women:  Men are less likely to utilize the health care system  Men are less likely to carry health insurance  More likely to delay seeking healthcare

4. Defining Barriers to Men’s Participation in Healthcare  Attitudinal Barriers  Gender Role Stoicism  Work Role Stoicism  Distrust of the Health Care System  Fatalism: “you’ve got to die of something.”  Maladaptive Self-Reliance: “A ‘man’ takes care of his own problems.”  Attitudinal Barriers  Gender Role Stoicism  Work Role Stoicism  Distrust of the Health Care System  Fatalism: “you’ve got to die of something.”  Maladaptive Self-Reliance: “A ‘man’ takes care of his own problems.”

5. Health Care Utilization, Gender and Age No regular physician by age Age Men Women All 33% 19% 18-29 53% 33% 30-44 38% 22% 45-64 24% 13% 65+ 10% 6% - Source: Commonwealth Fund (2000) No regular physician by age Age Men Women All 33% 19% 18-29 53% 33% 30-44 38% 22% 45-64 24% 13% 65+ 10% 6% - Source: Commonwealth Fund (2000)

6. Primary Care Impact Decline in doctors entering into Primary Care Medicine Resistance to greater use of nurse practitioners Continuing shortage of nurses Closing of ER’s Resistance to “Convenient Care” clinics Decline in doctors entering into Primary Care Medicine Resistance to greater use of nurse practitioners Continuing shortage of nurses Closing of ER’s Resistance to “Convenient Care” clinics

7. Economic Effects on Society of Male Health Disparity  Lost time from work  Former taxpayers may become tax burdens  Possible inability to maintain gainful employment due to chronic illness  Poverty is strongly associated with widowhood  Children also may face financial repercussions.  Lost time from work  Former taxpayers may become tax burdens  Possible inability to maintain gainful employment due to chronic illness  Poverty is strongly associated with widowhood  Children also may face financial repercussions.

8. So…what’s the answer