1. Richmond, Virginia after the Civil War.

2. Learning Goals: 1.Explain how former slaves responded to their new freedom, adapted to the new systems of land ownership, work contracts, and sharecropping. 2.Summarize ways the Ku Klux Klan resisted Reconstruction.

3. Journal Question: Black Codes were created to control the lives of African Americans as much as possible. For example, children could be hired out to work if their parents could not prove employment. Imagine that you live during this time period. Write a journal about being hired to work because your parents could not prove employment.

4. Journal Question: What are some things you would need if you were a newly freed slave? Write about how you would feel about being free. You may write this as a personal journal entry.

5. 1. African Americans could marry legally and raise their families without the risk of being sold for the first time. A family celebrates Kwanza. An African American wedding.

6. 2. Freedmen’s schools helped over 150,000 African Americans gain an education.

8. Do you think education was the best way for African Americans to improve their standard of living? How do you plan on creating a good standard of living for yourself? Standard of living refers to the level of wealth, comfort, material goods and necessities available to a certain group in a certain geographic area. Do you think education was the best way for African Americans to improve their standard of living? How do you plan on creating a good standard of living for yourself? Think about your answer and then turn to a neighbor and share your thoughts. We will share as a group.

9. 3. Thaddeus Stevens and Charles Sumner wanted to give freedmen land, but it did not get enough votes to pass through Congress. Thaddeus Stevens

10. 4. Sharecropping was a system where farmers rented land on credit and it created a cycle of debt.

11. What resources would you need in order to be a successful farmer? What you do if you lived in the time period after the Civil War and barely had enough to survive? Poor African Americans and whites often lacked the land and money to buy what was needed. Think about your answer and then turn to a neighbor and share your thoughts. We will share as a group.

12. 5. Two drawbacks to sharecropping were that landowners decided what to grow, and farmers had to buy goods on credit from the landowner.

13. 6. Two groups that did not want African Americans to have equal rights were former Confederate soldiers and some planters. African Americans who fought for equal rights.

14. You are a banker in a southern bank after the Civil War. You are the son of a plantation owner, who formerly owned slaves. Because of the strains of war, you have limited financial resources to loan. Two sharecroppers come in needing financial assistance. One is a newly freed slave, with an ailing wife and six children. The other is a white man, who deserted his regiment at Antietam. Who would you give the loan to?

15. 7. Two goals of the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) were to restore the Democratic Party’s control of the South and keep former slaves powerless by not giving them civil rights. At the Battle of Liberty Palace in September 1874, several hundred members of the White League did battle with the Black military and police in the city of New Orleans, Louisiana. Both sides used cannon against each other.

16. CLOSURE ACTIVITY Write a memory clue on one of the facts learned in today’s lesson. This can be a mnemonic device. For example, take the first letters of what you want to remember and make it something memorable.