1. Sleep Chapter 7 Key Terms: Consciousness, REM Sleep, Insomnia, Narcolepsy, Sleep Apnea

2. Altered States of Consciousness  Involves changes in mental processes  Observe changes in behavior  Measure changes in areas such as:  Breathing  Pulse  Body temperature  Brain activity

3. Understanding Sleep  Not an unconscious state  Altered state of conscious  EEG machines record electrical activity of the brain  Active sleep  Quiet sleep

4. Sleep Stages  Awake: pulse rate drops, body temp declines, alpha waves emitted  Stage I: Lightest level, “just drifting”  Stage II: Eyes roll slowly  Stage III: Large Delta waves begin  Stage IV: deepest sleep; difficult to wake

5. REM Sleep  “Active sleep”  Rapid Eye Movement  Pulse rate and breathing become irregular  Brain waves resemble those of an awake person  Face or fingers may twitch

6. Sleep Cycle

7. Sleep Debt  Partial: not enough sleep each night  Total: days on end with no sleep  Effects:  Memory lapses  Hallucinations  Impaired immune system  Tremors  Decreased accuracy

8. Insomnia Sleep Walking Sleep Issues  10% have trouble sleeping  Most problems are self-created  Causes:  Getting out of circadian cycle  Taking drugs or alcohol  Fair number of people sleepwalk or talk  Occurs during Stage 4  Wake them up!  Keeps them safe  Makes sure they’re laying or sitting down first

9. Defeating Insomnia 1.Lie down to sleep only when you feel sleepy 2.Don’t use the bed for anything other than sleep. 3.If you’re in bed for 10 minutes and can’t sleep, get up and go somewhere else. Return to bed when you feel tired. 4.Get out of bed as many times as necessary. 5.Get up at the same time every morning, no matter what. 6.Don’t take naps.

10. Narcolepsy Sleep Apnea Sleep Issues cont.  Infrequent; starts in teens or early 20s  Individual goes into “instant” REM  Can happen at any time  Drugs available to control it; treatment mandatory  Usually found in older people  While sleeping, person stops breathing hundreds of times  Continually wakes them up  Aren’t aware of it happening