1. Euro3D RTN Kick-off Meeting IAC, Tenerife July 2-4, 2002 SAURON Spectrograph CRAL (Lyon)

2. PMAS : 3 years experience with nod & shuffle 3D spectroscopy Martin M. Roth, AIP Nicolás Cardiel, Calar Alto Javier Cenarro, UCM

3. „3D - Imaging the Universe in 3 Dimensions“, Walnut Creek 1999 rebinned to PMAS IFU10 hours @ 8m  1 % FF accuracy  3 % FF accuracy „SDW 2002“, Waimea 2002

4.  Introduction  Example (1) : Ca II triplet in Elliptical Galaxies  Example (2) : Planetary Nebula Haloes  Conclusions + Outlook Outline :

5. Cuillandre et al. 1994, A&A 281, 603 „ Va – et – Vient “ Object Sky

6. „ Va – et – Vient “ Cuillandre et al. 1994, A&A 281, 603 Object Sky

7. „ Va – et – Vient “ Cuillandre et al. 1994, A&A 281, 603  Glazebrook & Bland-Hawthorne 2001, PASP 113, 197  Roth et al. 2002, Proc. SDW 2002 (Waimea)

8. Roth et al. 2005, PASP 117, 620

9. Refereed Publications based on PMAS in 2003: Christensen L., Becker T., Jahnke K., Kelz A., Roth M. M., Sánchez S. F., Wisotzki L. Integral field spectroscopy of SN2002er with PMAS A&A, 401 (2003) 479 Wisotzki L., Becker T., Christensen L., Helms A., Jahnke K., Kelz A., Roth M. M., Sánchez S. F. Integral-field spectroscopy of the quadruple QSO HE 0435-1223: Evidence for microlensing A&A 408 (2003) 455 Schmoll, J., Roth, M.M., Laux, U. „Statistical Test of Optical Fibers for Use in PMAS, the Potsdam Multi-Aperture Spectrophotometer“ PASP 115 (2003), 854

10. 2004 : Roth, M.M., Becker, T., Kelz, A., Schmoll, J. 3D Spectrophotometry of Planetary Nebulae in the Bulge of M31 ApJ 603 (2004), 531 Christensen, L., Sánchez, S. F., Jahnke, K., Becker, T., Wisotzki, L., Kelz, A., Popovic, L. C., Roth, M. M. “Integral field spectroscopy of extended Ly_alpha emission from the DLA galaxy in Q2233+131” A&A 417 (2004), 487 Wisotzki, L., Schechter, P.L., Chen, H.-W., Richstone, D., Jahnke, K., Sánchez, S.F., Reimers, D. “HE 0047-1756: A new gravitational Lensed double QSO” A&A 419 (2004), 13 Becker, T., Fabrika, S., Roth, M.M. “Crowded Field 3D Spectroscopy” AN 325 (2004) 2, 155 Roth, M.M., Becker, T., Böhm, P., Kelz, A. “Science Verification Results from PMAS” AN 325 (2004) 2, 147

11. 2004 (continued): Christensen, L., Sánchez, S.F., Jahnke, K., Becker, T., Kelz, A., Wisotzki, L., Roth, M.M. “Integral Field observations of damped Lyman-a galaxies” AN 325 (2004) 2, 124 Jahnke, K., Wisotzki, L, Sánchez, S.F., Christensen, L., Becker, T., Kelz, A., Roth, M.M. “Integral field spectroscopy of QSO host galaxies” AN 325 (2004) 2, 128 Sholukhova, O., Fabrika, S., Roth, M., Becker, T. (2004), “B 416  a B[e]-SUPERGIANT in Interacting Binary?” Baltic Astronomy, 13, 156 Verheijen, M.A.W., Bershady, M.A., Andersen, D.R., Swaters, R.A., Westfall, K., Kelz, A., Roth, M.M. The Disk Mass project; science case for a new PMAS IFU module AN 325 (2004) 2, 151 Wisotzki, L., Becker, T., Christensen, L., Jahnke, K., Helms, A., Kelz, A., Roth, M.M., Sánchez, S.F. “Integral field spectrophotometry of gravitationally lensed QSOs with PMAS” AN 325 (2004) 2, 135

12. 2005 : Lehmann, I. Becker, T., Fabrika, S., Roth,M.M., Miyaji, T., Afanasief, V., Sholukhova, O., Sánchez, S.F., Greiner, J., Hasinger, G., Constantini, E., Surkov, A., Burenkov, A. “Integral field spectroscopy of the ultraluminous X-ray source Holberg II X-1” A&A, 431 (2005) 847 Christensen, L., Schulte-Ladbeck, R.E., Sanchez, S.F., Becker, T., Jahnke, K., Kelz, A., Roth, M.M., Wisotzki, L. „Abundances and kinematics of a candidate sub-damped Lyman-alpha galaxy toward PHL 1226“ A&A (2005) 429, 477 Sanchez, S.F., Becker, T., Garcia-Lorenzo, B., Benn, C.R., Christensen, L., Kelz, A., Jahnke, J., Roth, M.M. „ The merging/AGN connection II. Ionization of the circumnuclear regions“ A&A 429 (2005) L21 Roth, M.M., Kelz, A., Fechner, T., Hahn, T., Bauer, S.-M.; Becker, T., Böhm, P., Christensen, L., Dionies, F., Paschke, J., Popow, E., Wolter, D., Schmoll, J., Laux, U., Altmann, W. „ PMAS: The Potsdam Multi-Aperture Spectrophotometer. I. Design, Manufacture, and Performance“ PASP 117 (2005), 620

13. (1) 3D spectroscopy of elliptical galaxies in the Ca II triplet region Nicolás Cardiel (CAHA, Calar Alto Observatory, Spain) Javier Cenarro (UCM, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain) NGC 221NGC 507 NGC 5982NGC 6703 Ca II 8498Ca II 8542Ca II 8662 Dressler 1984, ApJ 286, 97

14.  Why to use 3D Spectroscopy ? 10 4 10 3 10 2 10 1 10 0 10 -1 10 4 10 3 10 2 10 1 10 0 10 -1 2MASS 1.2 μ

15. sky position 16’’x16’’ FOV Acquisition image DSS Image Acquisition Image  Why to use 3D Spectroscopy ?

16.  Why to use PMAS (in Nod & Shuffle mode)? Because the interlaced observations of target and sky is the only way to obtain a reliable sky subtraction in the near-IR (impossible with long-slit spectroscopy). target (x16) sky (x16)

17. galaxy+sky sky galaxy 256 spectra Ca1 Ca2 Ca3

18. HST (NICMOS) photometry of NGC 221 (Ravindranath et al. 2001)  Example: NGC 221 First reliable CaT - gradient in an elliptical galaxy: flat ! but : NGC221 exhibits a gradient in Mg2 ! E galaxies are not composed of simple stellar populations  complex star formation history > 6 mag ● single spectra ● coadded spectra (  10–30 spectra ) ● sum over the whole IFU ( 256 spectra )

19. RUNGALAXYEXPTIMEREGION 17NGC 02211 x 2400 sec 3 x 2400 sec Center Off 36” 17NGC 05073 x 2400 sec Center Off 16” 17NGC 59822 x 2400 sec Center Off 16” 17NGC 67033 x 2400 sec 5 x 2400 sec Center Off 16” 17NGC 73321 x 2400 secCenter 20NGC 07773 x 2400 secCenter 20NGC 27786 x 2400 secCenter 20NGC 232913 x 2400 secCenter 20NGC 44159 x 2400 secCenter 39NGC 43654 x 2400 secCenter 39NGC 58135 x 2400 secCenter Three observing runs: Run #17: 14–20 Aug 2003 Run #20: 09–14 Jan 2004 Run #39: 29 Apr–03 May 2005 Ongoing project: still finishing the reduction and starting the analysis phase…

20. (2) Haloes of Planetary Nebulae as fossil records of AGB mass loss history Martin Roth (AIP) Detlef Schönberner (AIP) Matthias Steffen (AIP) Ana Monreal Ibero (AIP) Andreas Kelz (AIP)

21. 10 -15 erg/cm -2 /s -1 /Å -1 Å (2) Haloes of Planetary Nebulae as fossil records of AGB mass loss history nene TeTe

22. Guerrero et al. 1997 (2) Haloes of Planetary Nebulae as fossil records of AGB mass loss history

23. H  map single spaxel (V600, 1800 s) NGC 6720 PMAS guider image V1200, 300 s

24. [O II] map 1 x 1, background subtracted 3 x 3, background subtracted16 x 16, background subtracted NGC 6720 PMAS guider image V1200, 1200 s

26. Conventional sky subtraction :

27. „Nod & Shuffle“ sky subtraction : [ O II ]

28. [ O III 4363 ] Hg sky line : Conventional sky subtraction : H γ

29. „Nod & Shuffle“ sky subtraction : [ O III 4363 ] Hg sky line : H γ

30. Radial intensity profile in H  inner halo Shell outer halo Radial density profile from Abel inversion 

31. Radial emissivity profile in H  inner halo Shell outer halo inner halo: n e ~ r -1.5 ? [OII 3729]/[OII 3727] ~ 1

32. RUNPNEXPTIMEREGION 23NGC 20225 x 300 sec 1x 2400 sec Center T1 T2 23NGC 32429 x 300 sec 1 x 2400 sec Center T1 T2 23NGC 35877 x 2400 sec 2 x 2400 sec T2-T8 Off 16” 23IC 35681 x 2400 sec 3 x 2400 sec T0 T1 23NGC 65439 x 300 secCenter 27NGC 67202 x 300 sec 5 x 2400 sec T3,T4 T5-T7 28NGC 67203 x 2400 secT5-T7 Three observing runs: Run #23: Feb 2003 Run #27: Aug 2004 Run #28: Aug 2004 (backup) Ongoing project: … more data expected in September 2005

33. Conclusions interlaced NODS 3D spectroscopy works random noise sky subtraction, no systematic residuals no MIRACLES : NODS does not beat the shot noise ! significant overhead penality at CAHA 3.5m, specifically: not applicable to point sources opens opportunities for going faint in bright/grey time think of ELTs : using less than ideal obs condx. !

34. new 1 arcmin FOV PPAK IFU for PMAS: 65‘‘ 75‘‘

35. MUSE 2nd Generation VLT Instrumentation

36. CFHT imaging VLT spectroscopy Keck spectroscopy Keck imaging + spectrosc. Subaru imaging KPNO 4m imaging, Keck spectroscopy Keck imaging + spectrosc. Subaru imaging Subaru imag., Keck spectr. Keck spectroscopy KPNO 4m imaging, Keck spectroscopy

37. Goals: Radial density structure  final mass loss episode Temperature, density  type and age of halo Chemical abundances  nucleosynthesis & dredge-up Detection of new haloes not found by direct imaging Physics of mysterious ring structures within haloes PNHALO-Project: Integral Field Spectroscopy of PN Haloes + Radiation-Hydrodynamics Simulations

39. VIMOS-IFU 54  x 54  Mosaic of 3 pointings NGC 3242 Corradi et al. 2004

40. NGC 3242: Ring system VIMOS data (Monreal-Ibero et al. 2005, ApJL accepted) Radial temperature increase towards outer halo! 15700 K 20300 K