1. Weathering and Soil TEST

2. #1 The breaking down of rock is called ________________

3. #2 There are ___ kinds of weathering. A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5

4. #3,#4, and #5 Three examples of mechanical weathering are: A. Erosion B. Plant roots C. Gravity D. Frost wedging E. Acid Rain F. Lichen and Moss

5. #6 and #7 What are two examples of biological weathering? A. Erosion B. Plant roots C. Gravity D. Frost wedging E. Acid Rain F. Lichen and Moss G. Rust

6. #8 and #9 Give two examples of chemical weathering A. Erosion B. Plant roots C. Gravity D. Frost wedging E. Acid Rain F. Lichen and Moss G. Rust

7. #10 Slowly breaking a rock by water repeatedly freezing and thawing in a crack is called ________________

8. What are the five parts of soil? #11 ___________ #12 ___________ #13 ___________ #14 ___________ #15 ___________

9. #16 Dead and decaying plant material is called ______________ A. Compost B. Hummus C. Loam

10. #17. If you have fertile soil, it means that __________ will grow very well there.

11. #18. When you mix dead and decaying plants with soil you get a black, fertile soil called ___________ A. Compost B. Hummus C. Loam

12. What are the three minerals that all plants need to survive? #19 ___________ #20 ___________ #21 ___________

13. #22,#23,#24,#25 Put the stages of soil formation in the right order A. Lichen and moss continue to weather the rock into sediments. B. Other plants and animals live and die in the soil, making the soil layer thicker, while weathering continues C. Solid rock is weathered by lichen and frost wedging to form sediment. D. Dead lichen and moss mix with the sediment to form a very thin soil

14. #26 It takes________ for soil to form. A. tens of years B hundreds of years C. Thousands of years D. Millions of years

15. #27 A____________ is a picture that shows the layers of soil under the ground.

16. #28 You determine the ___________ by rubbing the soil between your fingers.

17. #29 A soil with the highest water permeability (the water goes through fastest) has a lot of this in the soil. A. sand B. silt C. clay D. all the above

18. #30 A soil with the lowest water permeability (the water goes through slowest) has a lot of this in the soil. A. sand B. silt C. clay D. all the above

19. #31 The best soil for permeability is made up of: A. sand B. silt C. clay D all the above

20. #32 The soil that has the best permeability and water holding capacity is called ____________. A. compost B. terraces C. hummus D. loam

21. What are three things that farmers add to their soil or crops? #33 ___________ #34 ___________ #35 ___________

22. #36 The soil disaster of the 1930’s when farmland was turned into desert is called the ____________

23. Desertification can occur because farmers plant the #37_________ crop over and over without putting #38________ back into the soil.

24. #39 and #40 Give two examples of methods farmers use to cut down on wind erosion. A. Wind brakes B. Covering soil with hay C. Terraces D. Plowing across grain E. Fallow fields F. Rotating crops G. No till farming

25. #41 and #42 Give two examples of methods farmers use to cut down on the loss of nutrients from the soil. A. Wind brakes B. Covering soil with hay C. Terraces D. Plowing across grain E. Fallow fields F. Rotating crops G. No till farming

26. #43, #44 and #45 Give three examples of methods farmers use to cut down on water erosion. A. Wind brakes B. Covering soil with hay C. Terraces D. Plowing across grain E. Fallow fields F. Rotating crops G. No till farming