2. Soil Formation & Geologic Time Test review Number your paper from 1 to 3 Read each question and write down your answer Check the next slide for the correct answer Please do not look ahead for the answers-it will not help you prepare for the test

3. Question 1 In a soil profile, a dark layer composed of decaying plant matter and humus is: a. Horizon A b. Horizon B c. Horizon D d. Horizon O

4. Question 1 In a soil profile, a dark layer composed of decaying plant matter and humus is: a. Horizon A b. Horizon B c. Horizon D d. Horizon O

5. Question 2 In a soil profile, leaching takes place in: a. Horizon A b. Horizon B c. Horizon D d. Horizon O

6. Question 2 In a soil profile, leaching takes place in: a. Horizon A b. Horizon B c. Horizon D d. Horizon O

7. Question 3 Soil will form most quickly in a climate that is: a. Warm and moist b. Warm and dry c. Cold and moist d. Cold and dry

8. Question 3 Soil will form most quickly in a climate that is: a. Warm and moist b. Warm and dry c. Cold and moist d. Cold and dry

9. Question 4 In a soil profile, the dark layer called topsoil is: a. Horizon A b. Horizon B c. Horizon D d. Horizon O

10. Question 4 In a soil profile, the dark layer called topsoil is: a. Horizon A b. Horizon B c. Horizon D d. Horizon O

11. Question 5 Earthworms are in soil because they do all of the following EXCEPT: a. Help plants get nitrogen from the atmosphere b. Loosen soil so water can get into the soil c. Loosen the soil so air can get into the soil d. Enrich the soil with their waste products

12. Question 5 Earthworms are in soil because they do all of the following EXCEPT: a. Help plants get nitrogen from the atmosphere b. Loosen soil so water can get into the soil c. Loosen the soil so air can get into the soil d. Enrich the soil with their waste products

13. Question 6 The organic matter in nature produced by bacterial decay of plant and animal matter is known as: a. Sediment b. Humus c. Compost d. Soil

14. Question 6 The organic matter in nature produced by bacterial decay of plant and animal matter is known as: a. Sediment b. Humus c. Compost d. Soil

15. Question 7 The BEST soil for growing crops contains: a. Humus b. Humus and water c. Humus, water and air d. Humus, water, air and minerals

16. Question 7 The BEST soil for growing crops contains: a. Humus b. Humus and water c. Humus, water and air d. Humus, water, air and minerals

17. Question 8 Components of soil include: a. Bacteria b. Air c. Water d. All of the above

18. Question 8 Components of soil include: a. Bacteria b. Air c. Water d. All of the above

19. Question 9 Fossils are most often formed from which parts of a dead organism? a. The entire body b. Soft parts c. The organism’s skin d. Hard parts

20. Question 9 Fossils are most often formed from which parts of a dead organism? a. The entire body b. Soft parts c. The organism’s skin d. Hard parts

21. Question 10 The best soil from growing crops contains: a. Humus b. Humus and water c. Humus, water, and air d. Humus, water, air, and minerals

22. Question 10 The best soil from growing crops contains: a. Humus b. Humus and water c. Humus, water, and air d. Humus, water, air, and minerals

23. Brain Break

24. Question 11 When fossils are used to determine the relative age of layers of rock it is known as: a. Faunal succession b. Inclusion c. Relative dating d. Cross-cutting

25. Question 11 When fossils are used to determine the relative age of layers of rock it is known as: a. Faunal succession b. Inclusion c. Relative dating d. Cross-cutting

26. Question 12 The correct order of events for fossil formation is: a. Soft body parts decay, sediments are deposited and cover organisms, sediments and hard parts become rock b. Sediments are deposited and cover organism, soft body parts decay, sediments and hard parts become rock c. Hard and soft body parts decay and become rock d. Sediments cover organism and all body parts decay

27. Question 12 The correct order of events for fossil formation is: a. Soft body parts decay, sediments are deposited and cover organisms, sediments and hard parts become rock b. Sediments are deposited and cover organism, soft body parts decay, sediments and hard parts become rock c. Hard and soft body parts decay and become rock d. Sediments cover organism and all body parts decay

28. Question 13 A method of putting events in the order in which they happened is known as: a. The law of superposition b. Lateral continuity c. Relative dating d. Cross-cutting

29. Question 13 A method of putting events in the order in which they happened is known as: a. The law of superposition b. Lateral continuity c. Relative dating d. Cross-cutting

30. Question 14 Relative dating uses various clues to figure out: a. The exact age of an object b. The order of events over time c. The color of an object d. The behaviors of an organism

31. Question 14 Relative dating uses various clues to figure out: a. The exact age of an object b. The order of events over time c. The color of an object d. The behaviors of an organism

32. Question 15 The fact that the layers of rock on one side of the Grand Canyon match up with the layers on the other side of the canyon illustrates: a. Original horizontality b. Lateral continuity c. Superposition d. Relative dating

33. Question 15 The fact that the layers of rock on one side of the Grand Canyon match up with the layers on the other side of the canyon illustrates: a. Original horizontality b. Lateral continuity c. Superposition d. Relative dating

34. Question 16 The theory of cross-cutting relationships states that a vein of rock that cuts across a rock’s layers is: a. Younger than the rock layers b. Older than the rock layers c. The same age as the rock layers d. The same type of rock as the rock layers

35. Question 16 The theory of cross-cutting relationships states that a vein of rock that cuts across a rock’s layers is: a. Younger than the rock layers b. Older than the rock layers c. The same age as the rock layers d. The same type of rock as the rock layers

36. Question 17 The law that states that the bottom layer of a rock formation is older than the layer on top is known as: a. The law of lateral continuity b. The law of superposition c. The law of relative dating d. The law of original horizontality

37. Question 17 The law that states that the bottom layer of a rock formation is older than the layer on top is known as: a. The law of lateral continuity b. The law of superposition c. The law of relative dating d. The law of original horizontality

38. Question 18 In the geologic time scale, major periods of time are divided into: a. Years and months b. Eras and periods c. Centuries and periods d. Eras and decades

39. Question 18 In the geologic time scale, major periods of time are divided into: a. Years and months b. Eras and periods c. Centuries and periods d. Eras and decades

40. Question 19 The largest divisions of time on the geologic time scale are known as: a. Eras b. Periods c. Centuries d. Decades

41. Question 19 The largest divisions of time on the geologic time scale are known as: a. Eras b. Periods c. Centuries d. Decades

42. Question 20 According to the geologic time scale, in which era did humans first appear? a. Paleozoic b. Mesozoic c. Cenozoic d. Percambrian

43. Question 20 According to the geologic time scale, in which era did humans first appear? a. Paleozoic b. Mesozoic c. Cenozoic d. Percambrian

44. Brain Break

45. Question 21 Millions of years ago, the continents were once a great landmass that has been named: a. Pangaea b. Lithospheric Plate c. Glossopteris d. Supercontinent

46. Question 21 Millions of years ago, the continents were once a great landmass that has been named: a. Pangaea b. Lithospheric Plate c. Glossopteris d. Supercontinent

47. Question 22 Which of the following best explains why the same types of fossils are found spread on different continents? a. The separation and movement of Pangaea into today’s continents b. The superposition principle c. Absolute dating d. Original horizontality

48. Question 22 Which of the following best explains why the same types of fossils are found spread on different continents? a. The separation and movement of Pangaea into today’s continents b. The superposition principle c. Absolute dating d. Original horizontality

49. Question 23 The process of breaking down rock is called: A. Erosion B. Deposition C. Weathering D. Sedimentation

50. Question 23 The process of breaking down rock is called: A. Erosion B. Deposition C. Weathering D. Sedimentation

51. Question 24 How does Earth’s internal energy provide a driving source for weathering? A. It causes the movement of the lithospheric plates B. It causes the water cycle C. It causes the weather D. All of the above

52. Question 24 How does Earth’s internal energy provide a driving source for weathering? A. It causes the movement of the lithospheric plates B. It causes the water cycle C. It causes the weather D. All of the above

53. Question 25 How are weathering and erosion different? A. Weathering moves sediment from place to place, while erosion produces sediment B. Weathering produces sediment, while erosion moves sediment from place to place C. Weathering produces erosion D. Erosion produces weathering

54. Question 25 How are weathering and erosion different? A. Weathering moves sediment from place to place, while erosion produces sediment B. Weathering produces sediment, while erosion moves sediment from place to place C. Weathering produces erosion D. Erosion produces weathering

55. Question 26 Weathering breaks rock into bits and pieces called: A. Bedding B. Sediment C. Crystals D. Meanders

56. Question 26 Weathering breaks rock into bits and pieces called: A. Bedding B. Sediment C. Crystals D. Meanders

57. Question 27 Which of the following would help farmers prevent erosion on their fields? A. Plant groundcover B. Remove grasses C. Remove topsoil D. Plow down a slope

58. Question 27 Which of the following would help farmers prevent erosion on their fields? A. Plant groundcover B. Remove grasses C. Remove topsoil D. Plow down a slope

59. Question 28 If soil is aerated it always contains: A. Insects B. Bacteria C. Air D. Water

60. Question 28 If soil is aerated it always contains: A. Insects B. Bacteria C. Air D. Water

61. Question 29 Erosion can be caused by: A. Grazing of livestock B. Deforestation C. Construction D. All of the above

62. Question 29 Erosion can be caused by: A. Grazing of livestock B. Deforestation C. Construction D. All of the above

63. Question 30 Which of the books in the picture has been on the pile for the least amount of time? A. Bottom B. Second from bottom C. Top D. Second from top

64. Question 30 Which of the books in the picture has been on the pile for the least amount of time? A. Bottom B. Second from bottom C. Top D. Second from top

65. Finished! No not yet… Total up your number correct If it is more than 25, you may turn the paper in to your teacher and get the information about what to do next. If it is less than 25, turn your paper over and do the review again.