1. The Federal Government and the State Governments Chapter 3 Section 1

2. Article 1: The Legislative Branch (Congress) Make laws. Make laws. Congress Congress Two houses = bicameral Two houses = bicameral Elections held every even year (2004, 2006, 2008) Elections held every even year (2004, 2006, 2008)

3. House of Representatives Based on population Based on population Effected population change = reappointment (Gerrymandering) Effected population change = reappointment (Gerrymandering) Has 435 members. Has 435 members. 2 year term 2 year term All elected at the same time All elected at the same time 25 year old, citizen for 7 years, live in state. 25 year old, citizen for 7 years, live in state.

4. Leader = Speaker of the House. Leader = Speaker of the House. Special Powers: Special Powers: Money bills start here. Money bills start here. Can impeach (accuse) officials of Executive /Judicial branches (checks/balances) Can impeach (accuse) officials of Executive /Judicial branches (checks/balances)

5. Senate All states have 2 (100). All states have 2 (100). Not effected by population change. Not effected by population change. 6 year terms. 6 year terms. 1/3 elected every 2 years. 1/3 elected every 2 years. 30 years old, citizens for 9 years, live in state. 30 years old, citizens for 9 years, live in state.

6. Leaders = President of Senate. VP of U.S., and President. Leaders = President of Senate. VP of U.S., and President. Special Powers Special Powers Vote in impeachment trials Vote in impeachment trials Must approve (“advice and consent”) in treaties made by the President and on his appointments (= checks on Executive branch) Must approve (“advice and consent”) in treaties made by the President and on his appointments (= checks on Executive branch)

7. Anyone convicted of impeachment shall not be punished (by Congress) more than removal from office. Anyone convicted of impeachment shall not be punished (by Congress) more than removal from office. States set elections for Senate/House. States set elections for Senate/House.

8. Congress must meet once a year. Congress must meet once a year. Each house judges if those elected meet qualifications, keeps journal, sets own rules, gets paid. Each house judges if those elected meet qualifications, keeps journal, sets own rules, gets paid. Quorum (=minimum attending to conduct business) = 51% Quorum (=minimum attending to conduct business) = 51%

9. After bills pass House and Senate they must be presented to President. After bills pass House and Senate they must be presented to President. He can veto (refuse to approve) = checks of Legislature by Executive He can veto (refuse to approve) = checks of Legislature by Executive

10. If 2/3 of both houses repass the bill, it becomes law over President’s veto = override (Check of Executive by Legislative) If 2/3 of both houses repass the bill, it becomes law over President’s veto = override (Check of Executive by Legislative) The same applies to anything passed by Congress. The same applies to anything passed by Congress.

11. U.S. has federal system of government. U.S. has federal system of government. All power comes from people. All power comes from people. Federalism = power is divided between central government and state governments. Federalism = power is divided between central government and state governments.

12. Constitution lists ( = enumerates) powers that the states gave (= delegated, expressed) to federal government. Constitution lists ( = enumerates) powers that the states gave (= delegated, expressed) to federal government.

13. Enumerated Powers allow federal government to: 1. Taxes to pay debts, defend the country and provide services. 2. Borrow money = national debt 3. Regulate commerce (= trade) with nations and among the states.

14. 4) Set up nationalization (= how to become a citizen) and bankruptcy policy 5) Coin money 6) Define weights/measures. 7) Punish counterfeiting. 8) Set up a post office and roads.

15. 9) Issue patents (= law giving payment to inventor) 10) Issue copyrights (= law giving payment to author). 11) Set up federal courts lower than the Supreme Court.

16. 12) Punish pirates and international law breakers. 13) Declare War 14) Raise/train an army and navy. 15) Set up rules for calling out the State Militia (= National Guard)

17. 16) Set up a national capital (= DC) Implied Powers = Laws needed in order to carry out enumerated powers. Implied Powers = Laws needed in order to carry out enumerated powers. Example: Law making it a crime to steal from the mail. Example: Law making it a crime to steal from the mail. Sometimes called elastic clause. Sometimes called elastic clause.

18. 17) … Make all laws necessary and proper for carrying out above. Limits on Congress Done to protect the rights of the people. Done to protect the rights of the people. 1) Importation of slaves guaranteed until 1808.

19. 2) Writ of Habeas Corpus (= legal paper forcing government to bring prisoner before judge to see if prisoner is being held lawfully) = Keeps government from warehousing people in jail. Can only be ignored in times of serious danger. Can only be ignored in times of serious danger.

20. Question What event happened in World War II where the president suspended Habeas Corpus? What event happened in World War II where the president suspended Habeas Corpus?

21. 3) No bills of attainder (= laws passed by legislature to convict a person) 4) No ex post facto laws ( + retroactive laws) 5) Taxes must be based on population the 16 th amendment over ruled this. (Income Tax) 6) No export taxes

22. 7) Laws can’t favor one port over another. 8) Congress must pass law to spend money. Must have public budget. 9) No titles of nobility.

23. 10) No government worker/elected official can accept title of nobility from foreign government.

24. Limits on the States 1) Can’t sign treaties with foreign nations. 2) Can’t give private citizens ok to fight foreign nations. 3) Can’t coin money or issue paper money.

25. 4) Can’t have law that allows anything other than gold/silver money. 5) No bills of attainder. 6) No ex post facto laws. 7) No laws excusing people from carrying out contracts. 8) No titles of nobility.

26. Actions States May Take Only With Congressional Approval Taxing of imports or exports. Taxing of imports or exports. No troops/warships (except National Guard) in time of peace. No troops/warships (except National Guard) in time of peace. Agreements with other states/nations. Agreements with other states/nations.