1. Module VII System Performance Advanced System Change

2. Learning Objectives Reinforce understanding of system archetypes and leverage points Reinforce understanding of three particular system archetypes Learn how to change the behavior of these archetypes Introduce systems science computer simulation

3. Review: Archetype A commonly recurring pattern of system structure and associated behaviors

4. System Archetypes Success to the Successful Fixes that Fail Shifting the Burden

5. What is a Leverage Point? A place in a complex system that, if changed, will change the overall behavior of the system. 5

6. Leverage Points in Archetypes

7. Success to the Successful Two or more organizations/methods/agents are competing for a limited resource (like funding or time) The allocation of that resource is based on past successes But success is only possible if you have resources Whichever organization initially succeeds will have more and more resources allocated to it

8. Success to the Successful

9. True Leverage Points What people usually do: Nothing! What they should be doing: Changing paradigms Changing goals Creating self-organization Changing rules Changing information flows Change numbers

10. What We Could Do Instead

11. Fixes that Fail Quick-fix solution is applied to a problem Resolves the problem in the short term Unintended consequences of the quick fix make the problem worse in the long term

12. Fixes that Fail

15. True Leverage Points What people usually do: Try another fix without examining why the previous one failed What they should be doing: Changing paradigms Changing goals Changing information flows Weakening undesirable reinforcing loops

16. What We Could Do Instead

17. Shifting the Burden Choice between solving a problem by treating the symptoms or applying a fundamental solution (i.e. root cause) Symptomatic relief of the problem reduces pressure to apply a fundamental solution Over time, side effects of the symptomatic solution undermines the ability to apply the fundamental solution

18. Shifting the Burden

19. True Leverage Points What people usually do: Continue shifting the burden What they should be doing: Changing paradigms Changing goals Changing information flows Weakening undesirable reinforcing loops

20. What We Could Do Instead

21. Complicated Systems YIKES

22. What is a Simulation? 22

23. Why a Simulation? Causal Loop Diagram Diagrams help us have new conversations about the situations we have experienced Diagrams help us understand how the interventions we have done or are planning will interact with the system Diagrams can help us see how feedback loops influence our work Simulation Simulations help us explore and better understand situations we have no experience with Simulations let us experiment in a “virtual system” with interventions that might never have been tried before Simulations can help us see out the interactions between feedback loops influence our work 23

24. Lessons Learned Intervening in archetypes can be counterintuitive We need an understanding of both leverage points and system structure before we intervene We may not be able to predict responses to interventions in very complex systems without turning to computer simulation Nevertheless, the methods we have learned are applicable and appropriate in many complex systems

25. Learning Objectives Reinforce understanding of system archetypes and leverage points Reinforce understanding of four particular system archetypes Learn how to change the behavior of these archetypes Introduce systems science computer simulation