1. Late Middle Ages WAR!!!! Agenda Intro to Section 5 Small group activity

2. Late middle ages- problems again 1300-1500(ish) Another time of troubles This time issues come from inside Europe.

3. War and the Growth of Nations Kingdoms are becoming Nations- and beginning to feel Nationalism. Willing to fight for more than king- for your country. Leads to bigger wars

5. England vs. France- the 100 years war 1328 Capetian dynasty dies out- French nobles chose Philip of Flanders- but English king Edward III claims throne (reverse William the conqueror) and invades 116 year war- 1337- 1453 many generations Siege warfare- 2 new weapons Longbow (armor) and cannon (castle) change fighting

6. Joan Of Arc England does well at beginning - 1415 they control 2/3 of France. Turing point comes in 1429 w/a 14 year old peasant girl- who crowns Charles VII and rallies the French to fight Captured by English and burned at the stake as a witch

9. Victory for France English start to fall back, have overextended themselves, can’t remember WHY they are fighting. 1453 treaty signed- English keep only port of Calais. Nobles have lost power-French king becomes very powerful

10. England vs. England- the war of the Roses 1455-1471 Angevin dynasty dies out. Civil war between house of York (white rose) and house of Lancaster (red rose) for throne Power goes back and forth Richard III (York) most famous king loses throne to house of Tudor in 1485

12. Spain From 700-1000 ruled by Moors (Muslims) who allowed other faiths to worship freely “Reconquista” attempt by Christians to drive the Moors out 1000-1492. Spain had many small kingdoms- unified by marriage of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile 1479. In some ways Spain “skips” middle ages- Muslims are enlightened rulers In other ways they get stuck there- become religious fanatics with no tolerance for differences (inquisition)

14. The Church Seriously weakened by the plague- Where was God? Why couldn’t the church stop the death? As kings gain power (nationalism) popes lose it. People start to ask questions- about the churches ideas and their role as leaders in society

15. The Babylonian Captivity 1309-1377 1309 Pope dies. Philip the fair decided to buy the position for a French Bishop. New pope (clement v) stays in Avignon France- so do next 6 (shows power of France) Seemed like the pope belonged to the king- and Avignon was famous for “unholy” activities.

16. The Great Schism 1377 pope dies in Avignon- king chooses a new one- Clement VII (king’s son) Italy refuses to accept- chose their own pope- Urban VI Europe is split- who is the real pope? Both popes excommunicate the other. Trying to end chaos- HRE chooses their own pope- Peter the Hermit 1377 is the year of three popes Broke unity of the church

17. Challenging Church Power The church no longer seems “perfect” and people start asking questions. Kings say their power comes from God as well (divine right of kings) New religious ideas start to appear John Wycliff- said the bible should be in vernacular so that anyone could read it for themselves.