1. Chapter 4: States of Matter

2. Section 1: Four States of Matter

3. Vocabulary
States of matter
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma

4. Vocabulary States of matter Solid Liquid Physical forms of matter
State of matter in which the volume and shape of a substance are fixed
Liquid
State of matter that has a definite volume but not a definite shape

5. Vocabulary
Gas
State of matter that does not have definite volume or shape
Plasma
State of matter that starts as a gas and then become ionized
Has an electric charge

6. Matter: Moving Particles
All matter is made of particles
States of matter depends on the motion of those particles
“particles” = atoms and molecule
Molecule is a group of atoms that function as one unit

7. Matter: Moving Particles
Matter is in constant motion
Regardless of the state of matter
Even solid particles are in motion

9. Solids Particles very close together
Strong attraction between the particles
Particles do move
But not fast enough to overcome the attraction between them
Particles locked in place
Only vibrate

10. Liquids
Particles move fast enough to overcome some of the attraction between
Particles collide with and slide each other
Particles stay close together
That is why the volume is fixed, but not shape

11. Gases Particles have little attraction between them
Move freely
Collide randomly
Amount of open space between particles can change
that is why the volume of a gas changes

12. Plasma 99% of the universe is plasma No fixed shape or volume
Can conduct electricity
Inside are charged particles
Atoms with a positive or negative electric charge
Occurs naturally in lightning & fire
Artificial = fluorescent lights & plasma balls

14. Section 2:

15. Vocabulary Changes of state Melting Evaporation Boiling Condensation
sublimation

16. Vocabulary Changes of State Melting Evaporation
Change of a substance from one physical state to another
Melting
Solid changing to a liquid
Evaporation
Liquid changing to a gas

17. Vocabulary Boiling Condensation Sublimation
Change of a liquid to a vapor (or gas), throughout all of the liquid
Condensation
Change from a gas to a liquid
Sublimation
Direct change from a solid to a gas

18. Energy and Changes of State
All changes of state are physical changes
The identity of the substance doesn’t change
Ice = H2O
Water = H2O
Steam = H2O

19. Energy and Changes of State
Particles move based upon state
Particles have different energy levels in different states
Liquid state has more energy than solid
Gas state has more energy than liquid

20. Melting: Solid to Liquid
As temperature increases, so does particle movement
The temperature at which substance changes from solid to liquid is melting point
Particles absorb energy to overcome some of their attraction to each other
Slide past each other

21. Freezing: Liquid to Solid
For freezing to occur, the attraction between particles must overcome the motion
Decrease in energy
 Freezing point and Melting point are the same temperature 

22. Evaporation Liquid to a gas Happens at the surface
Boiling is similar: liquid to gas
Occurs throughout the substance

23. Evaporation Atmospheric pressure affects boiling
Higher elevation substance boils at lower temperature
Less pressure, so particles can move easier

24. Condensation: Gas to Liquid
Condensation and evaporation are opposite/reverse of each other
Condensation point is temperature where a substance goes from gas to liquid
Condensation point and boiling point are the same temperature

25. Condensation: Gas to Liquid
Large numbers of particles clump together
Attraction overcomes their motion that has been keeping them apart (gas state)
Energy has been removed
Temperature has decreased

26. Sublimation: Solid to Gas
Direct change from solid to gas
Dry ice
Must have temperature change ( + )

27. Test Hint At what degrees Celsius does water boil at?
Since boiling occurs throughout the substance, does the volume of water affect its boiling temperature?
No !
It just takes longer to boil 10 L of water vs a 10 mL
Same is true for all substances

28. Turn to page 114 Turn to page 119
DRAW the picture at the bottom of the page
Label as shown in textbook
Turn to page 119