1. CELLS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS “I CAN’T IMAGINE A PERSON BECOMING A SUCCESS WHO DOESN’T GIVE THIS GAME OF LIFE EVERYTHING HE’S GOT.” WALTER KRONKITE

2. CELL STRUCTURE – SEE TABLE 3-1 PAGE 38 MEMMLER PLASMA MEMBRANE NUCLEUS CYTOPLASM SURFACE ORGANELLES CELLULAR DIVERSITY

3. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS NUCLEIC ACIDS – DNA, RNA DNA – CHROMOSOMES IN THE NUCLEUS ◦ADENINE (A) ◦THYMINE (T) ◦GUANINE (G) ◦CYTOSINE (C) ◦DOUBLE HELIX W/ H+ BONDS RNA – IN CYTOPLASM (Mrna, Rrna, Trna) ◦ADENINE, GUANINE, CYTOSINE ◦THYMINE IS REPLACED BY URACIL (U) ◦SINGLE STRAND

4. Build a protein strand EVERYBODY UP!!!! WE ARE GOING TO BUILD A STRAND OF PROTEIN

5. CELL DIVISION MITOSIS VS MEIOSIS INTERPHASE PROPHASE METAPHASE ANAPHASE TELEPHASE ROLE OF THE CENTROMERES

6. MOVEMENT OF SUBSTANCES SEE TABLE 3-4 PAGE 49 PASSIVE MOVEMENT ◦SIMPLE DIFFUSION ◦OSMOSIS ◦FILTRATION ◦FACILITATED DIFFUSION ACTIVE TRANSPORT ◦NEED PROTEIN ‘GATE KEEPERS’ ◦SELECTIVE PERMEABILITY ◦ENDOCYTOSIS – PHAGOCYTOSIS & PINOCYTOSIS ◦EXOCYTOSIS

7. TONICITY ISOTONIC – SAME SOLUTE CONCENTRATION AS OUR BODY (0.9% NS) HYPOTONIC – LESS SOLUTE IN SOLUTION THAN OUR BODY; FREES UP WATER TO GO TO CELL; TOO MUCH = HEMOLYSIS (0.45% NaCl) HYPERTONIC – MORE SOLUTE THAN OUR BODY; PULLS WATER TOWARD IT; TOO MUCH DEHYDRATED CELL = CRENATION (3% NaCl)

8. ORGANELLES Golgi apparatus – the “UPS” of the cell; packages the items for transport in and out of the cell Mitochondria – the “Mighty” power house that makes energy (ATP) from the glucose Lysomes – clean up the cell waste (garbage men); think Lysol Centrioles – necessary for reproduction Peroxisomes – Clean up hazardous material (HAZ MAT team)

9. ORGANELLES – CONT’D Smooth endoplasmic reticulum – makes and packages fats Rough endoplasmic reticulum – makes proteins Ribosomes – make proteins Vacuoles – empty cargo containers Vesicles – carrier of solutes within the cell; could be storage or for movement to cell side for exocytosis

10. CELL AGING AND CANCER RISKS LIMITED NUMBER OF CELL DIVISIONS MUTATIONS CAN OCCUR DURING DIVISION THESE MUTATIONS MAY CAUSE A CELL TO DIVIDE FOREVER RISK FACTORS: HEREDITY (BRACA1), CHEMICAL EXPOSURE, IONIZING RADIATION (XRAYS, SUN), PHYSICAL IRRITATION, DIET, VIRUSES (HPV)

11. MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY CYT/O- MICR/O- BI- -SOME, SOM/A- CHROM/O- END/O- LYS/O- INTER-

12. MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY CYT/O- MICR/O- BI- -SOME, SOM/A- CHROM/O- END/O- LYS/O- INTER- PRO- META- ANA- TEL/E- SEMI- PHAG/O- PIN/O- EX/O- ISO- HYPO- HYPER- CARCIN/O- -GEN