1. Ch 7.2: Cell Organelles
Biology I
Wilson

2. Objectives Identify the different organelles inside cells
Describe the structure and function of organelles
Distinguish between plant and animals cells

3. Eukaryotic Cells
Animal Cells
Plant Cells
Protist
Fungi

4. Animal Cell Organelles
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Apparatus
Lysosomes
Mitochondria
Centrioles

5. Plant Cell Organelles Nucleus Ribosomes Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Apparatus
Lysosomes
Mitochondria
Vacuoles/Central Vacuole
Chloroplasts

6. Nucleus Type of Cells: Eukaryote Pronunciation: Nu-Klee-us Plants
Animals
Fungi
Protists
Pronunciation: Nu-Klee-us

7. Nucleus: Organelle Function
Contains DNA, the information that controls the cell
Controls Cell Processes
The Boss of a company

8. Nucleus: Organelle Function
Made up of
Nuclear Envelope: surrounds nucleus
Nuclear Pore: openings in envelope
Chromatin: DNA bound to proteins
Nucleolus: Assembly of Ribosomes

9. Nucleus Drawing

10. Ribosome Type of Cells: Prokaryote and Eukaryotes
Pronunciation: Ry-bo-zoem

11. Ribosome: Organelle Function
Small particles of RNA and Proteins
Found:
Free within the cytoplasm
Attached to Rough ER
Protein Synthesis -Produce (make) proteins
Making of the item to be shipped

12. Ribosome Drawing

13. Endoplasmic Reticulum (smooth)
Type of Cell: Eukaryotes
Pronunciation: En-doh-PLAZ-mik-rih-TIK-yuh-lum

14. Endoplasmic Reticulum (smooth): Organelle Function
Folding layers of membranes
Packaging Center for Transports materials (proteins or other items)
Where lipid bilayers are added to the materials that need to be transported
Detoxification of drugs
Liver contains a large sum of Smooth ER

15. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Drawing

16. Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough)
Types of Cells: Eukaryotes
Plants, Animals, Protists, Fungi
Pronunciation: En-doh-PLAZ-mik-rih-TIK-yuh-lum

17. Endoplasmic Reticulum (rough): Organelle Function
Folding layers of membranes
E.R. with attached Ribosomes
Same functions as Smooth E.R. adding a lipid bilayer
In addition has ribosomes attached making proteins Packages the proteins

18. Endoplasmic Reticulum (rough): Organelle Function
Like putting the item to be shipped in a box (box is the packaging)
Sends packaged proteins to other parts of the cell (conveyer belt)
Found Right Next to the Nucleus

19. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Drawing

20. Golgi Apparatus (Golgi Body)
Type of Cell: Eukaryotes
Pronunciation: Goal-gee App-ah-rat-us

21. Golgi Apparatus: Organelle Function
Also called Golgi Body
Takes in the proteins that were packaged by the ER
Finalizes the packaging of the vesicle (like adding tape to seal the box)
Modifies and sorts the proteins (puts package in trucks to be shipped)

23. Lysosome
Types of Cells: Eukaryotes
Pronunciation: LY-suh-sohmz

24. Lysosome: Organelle Function
Small round membrane surrounded organelles filled with enzymes
Found anywhere in the cytoplasm
Digests or breaks down macromolecules so they can be used by the rest of the cell
Eat worn out organelles
Remove “junk”
Cleanup Crew

25. Lysosome Drawing
Sometimes they are called suicide bags because they encase the worn out part that is to be digested.
Tay-Sachs disease can be traced if lysosomes don’t function properly

26. Mitochondria Type of Cells: Eukaryotes
Pronunciation: Myt-oh-KAHN-dree-uh

27. Mitochondria: Organelle Function
Enclosed by two membranes
Outer membrane
Inner membrane is folded up inside the organelle
Power House of the Cell (makes ATP)

28. Mitochondria: Organelle Function
Convert chemical energy to useful compounds (converts food)
Glucose + O2  H2O + CO2 + Energy (ATP)
Source of Energy (Power Company)
Inherited from the cytoplasm of the ovum (egg)…Your Mom
Mitochondria Movie

29. Cell Membrane
Type Cells:
Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes

30. Cell Membrane Bilipid layer (2 layers of phospholipids)
Also has proteins, cholesterol, carbohydrates
Regulates the passage of molecules into and out of the cell
Analogy – Fence and/or gate

31. Cytoskeleton: Types of Cells: Eukaryotes
Pronunciation: Site-oh-skell-iton

32. Cytoskeleton: Microfilaments
Threadlike
Tough, flexible framework that supports cell
Helps cells move

34. Cytoskeleton: Microtubules
Types of Cells: Eukaryotes
Pronunciation: Mik-roe-toob-you-els

35. Cytoskeleton: Microtubules
Hollow
Maintains cell’s shape (foundation and framework)

36. Microtubule Drawing

37. Cytoskeleton Types of Cells: Eukaryotes – Animal Cells Only
Pronunciation: Scent-tree-ohls

38. Cytoskeleton: Centrioles
Hollow
Support structure
Used in cell division

39. Central Vacuole Types of cells: Eukaroytes – Plants and some Protists
Pronunciation: VAK-yoo-ohlz

40. Animal Cells
Animal Cells

41. Central Vacuole: Organelle Function
Saclike structure
Stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates
Cells Storage Facility

42. Other Vacuoles Found in Eukaryotes Storage Units
Pumps water out of cell to maintain homeostasis

43. Chloroplast Types of cells: Eukaryotes – Plants and Protists
Pronunciation: Klohr-oh-plast

44. Chloroplast: Organelle Function
Captures light energy and converts it to chemical energy
Solar Powers the Plant
Drives Photosynthesis
Reaction is Catalyzed by Light

46. Cell Wall
Type of Cell
Eukaryotes – Plants and Protists
Prokaryotes

47. Cell Wall Made of cellulose (carbohydrate - starch)
Provides protection
Prevents cell from exploding when filled with water

48. Plant Cells
Plant Cells