1. Organelles of the Cell Wednesday, November 18, 20151 Packet #11 Chapter #3

2. Introduction  Organelles are specific structures, found within cells, with specific functions.  This packet investigates the different types of organelles and their functions. Wednesday, November 18, 20152

3. ORGANELLES OF THE CELL Cell Structure & Function 11/18/20153

4. Cell Structure and Function I Wednesday, November 18, 20154  Chromatin  The complex of DNA and histome proteins which make up chromosomes in eukaryotic cells  Chromosomes  Long threadlike association of genes composed of chromatin and found inside the nucleus of the cell  Nucleolus  The region of the eukaryotic nucleus that is engaged in ribosome synthesis

5. Cell Structure and Function II Wednesday, November 18, 20155  Nucleus Structure  Contains a eukaryotic cell’s genetic library  Nucleus Function  In eukaryotic cells, this is a membrane bound organelle that contains the cell’s genetic material  Acts as the control center for the cell  Produce ribosomes and RNA*  Play an essential role in cell division  Nuclear Envelope  Surrounds the nucleus  Contains nuclear pores  Allow things in and out of the nucleus

6. Cell Structure and Function III Wednesday, November 18, 20156  Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum  Functions in the synthesis and transport of proteins  This is where we find ribosomes and why they look “rough”  Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum  Functions in the synthesis and transport of lipids  There are no bound organelles— that is why they look so smooth  Ribosomes  Cytoplasmic organelle that is the site for protein synthesis  Small complex particles consisting of proteins and RNA

7. Cell Structure and Function IV Wednesday, November 18, 20157  Golgi Apparatus  Stack of membranous sacs  Packages and distributes lipids and proteins that form in the ER  If we have time we will have a closer look at this process  Something inportant—know the ends and structure  Cis—entry; Trans—exit—People always forget this  Vesicles enter and leave here  Lysosome  Contains digestive enzymes that degrades the cell and other malfunctioning organelles

8. Cell Structure and Function IV Wednesday, November 18, 20158  Peroxisome  Contains enzymes that carry out redox reactions and is key in detoxification of drunks  Mitochondria  Location for energy production  ATP

9. Filaments  Cells are composed of filaments  Microtubules  Microfilaments  Intermediate filaments  Details to come in AP Biology Wednesday, November 18, 20159

10. Other Important Features in the Cell Wednesday, November 18, 201510  Chloroplasts  In plant cells  Used in photosynthesis

11. The Plasma Membrane 11/18/201511

12. Components of the Plasma Membrane Wednesday, November 18, 201512

13. Functions of Proteins Within the Plasma Membrane  Transport  Enzymatic activity  Signal Transduction  Cell to Cell Recognition  Intercellular Joining  Attachment to the cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix Wednesday, November 18, 201513

14. Fluidity of the Plasma Membrane  Two reasons for the membrane to be more/less fluid  Saturated vs. Unsaturated phospholipid tails  Cholesterol Wednesday, November 18, 201514

15. Wednesday, November 18, 201515 Animal Cell

16. Wednesday, November 18, 201516 Plant Cell

17. Review 11/18/201517