2. Plant Tissue Culture collection of techniques used to maintain or grow plant cells, tissues, or organs under sterile conditions mostly used to produce clones

3. Plant Cloning Making an exact replica (same DNA) from the same plant – Ex: cuttings, strawberry runners

4. Tissue Culture Propagation

5. Gene Transfer Transferring of foreign genes into an organism Two Methods: 1. Agrobacterium tumefaciens 2. Gene Gun Both methods are fairly random so scientists need to screen for the foreign genes in the plant cell

6. Gene Transfer Agrobacterium tumefaciens – Plant pathogen – Has plasmid DNA containing tumor-inducing genes (T-DNA) and additional genes that help T-DNA integrate itself into the host cell’s genome – Must first be “disarmed by removing most of the T-DNA (only leaving the left and right border sequences). These help integrate a foreign gene into the genome of cultured plant cells

7. Gene Transfer Gene Gun – fires gold particles carrying the foreign DNA into plant cells – Some particles pass through the plant cell wall and enter the cell nucleus, where the transgene integrates itself into the plant chromosome