1. Liquid Fuel Depletion Tropical Agriculture Atmospheric Carbon Loading Hawaii’s Problem

4. Wood Cheap Oil Everything Else Cheap Coal Expensive Oil LNG Expensive Coal EROEI ca 5:1 *uranium*

5. Liquid Fuel Depletion Tropical Agriculture Climate Change

8. Every 10 days in China, a new coal-fired power plant opens that is large enough to serve the city of Dallas, Texas Every 10 days in China, a new coal-fired power plant opens that is large enough to serve the city of Dallas, Texas The increase in greenhouse gases from China’s coal use will exceed that of all industrialized countries COMBINED The increase in greenhouse gases from China’s coal use will exceed that of all industrialized countries COMBINED

9. This is how your PV panels are made We externalize the impact of our demands

10. Liquid Fuel Depletion Tropical Agriculture Climate Change

11. 25% of US oil consumption goes to agriculture (NOT including packaging, refrigeration, and trucking)

14. Locally Grown Energy Sustainable Soil Amendment Carbon Sequestration A Better Burn

15. CCRT Weeds = Fuel CCRT Traditional Hawaiian Values/Practices = Guidebook

16. A Better Burn Gasification = ENERGY + char (carbon) Gasification = ENERGY + char (carbon) Pyrolysis = energy + CHAR (carbon) Pyrolysis = energy + CHAR (carbon)

26. Locally Grown Energy Sustainable Soil Amendment Carbon Sequestration Better Burn

27. Rothampstead Data 100 year fallow following agriculture 100 year fallow following agriculture Soil carbon increased 300% Soil carbon increased 300% 30 tons per acre 30 tons per acre

28. Biochar lasts longer in soil Lehmann et al., 2006, Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, in press

29. Carbon sequestration in soil Lehmann et al., 2006, Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, in press

30. Locally Grown Energy Sustainable Soil Amendment Carbon Sequestration Better Burn

31. Amazonian Dark Earth Highly fertile compared to parent material Highly fertile compared to parent material Up to 70% of C is black C Up to 70% of C is black C ADE Adjacent soil Photos by J. Major

32. Increases Soil Surface Area 1 gram of charcoal = 400 square meters 1 ton of charcoal = 400,000 acres

33. Nutrient RETENTION Decreased nutrient leaching Decreased nutrient leaching biochar Lehmann et al. 2003, Plant and Soil 249: 343-357 NH 4 +

36. Locally Grown Energy Sustainable Soil Amendment Carbon Sequestration UH Biochar Project

37. Problem Holapu ke ahi, Koe iho ka lehu The fire blazed up, Then only ashes were left After a blaze of anger (greed), The ashes of remorse are left We are combustion junkies

38. Goal Ho`oponopono Correct the imbalance Make it right 1. Reduce atmospheric CO2 levels by sequestering carbon in the form of biochar in soil 2. Become self reliant again for energy use and food production

39. Objective Kuleana Assume responsibility 1. Burn local biomass for energy and carbon sequestration 2. Improve agricultural sustainability by biochar carbon sequestration

40. Strategy Give people the knowledge and tools to be responsible Give people the knowledge and tools to be responsible Identify and demonstrate the use of non-native vegetation as fuel/carbon source Identify and demonstrate the use of non-native vegetation as fuel/carbon source Test and demonstrate small-scale gasification units that use local feedstock as fuel source Test and demonstrate small-scale gasification units that use local feedstock as fuel source Develop and test small-scale pyrolysis units that use local feedstock as fuel/carbon source Develop and test small-scale pyrolysis units that use local feedstock as fuel/carbon source Test biochar produced from different local feedstock Test biochar produced from different local feedstock Test biochar application rates for improved agricultural productivity Test biochar application rates for improved agricultural productivity Develop demonstration sites for integrated biomass harvesting, utilization, carbon sequestration, and biochar agriculture Develop demonstration sites for integrated biomass harvesting, utilization, carbon sequestration, and biochar agriculture Promote the use if these techniques through research, demonstration, extension, and partnership with private enterprise Promote the use if these techniques through research, demonstration, extension, and partnership with private enterprise

41. Outcomes Recognition by government, business and the public, that non- native vegetation is the only responsible fuel we have and that it must be intelligently but fully utilized Recognition by government, business and the public, that non- native vegetation is the only responsible fuel we have and that it must be intelligently but fully utilized Local production of responsible biomass combustion technology Local production of responsible biomass combustion technology An annual doubling rate of increase in the use of small-scale biomass combustion (> 2000 by 2020 in Hawaii) An annual doubling rate of increase in the use of small-scale biomass combustion (> 2000 by 2020 in Hawaii) Elimination of concept of greenwaste by diverting all to responsible combustion Elimination of concept of greenwaste by diverting all to responsible combustion An annual doubling rate of increase in the sequestration of carbon through biochar emendation of agricultural soil (500 acres at minimum of 10 tons/acre in Hawaii by 2020) An annual doubling rate of increase in the sequestration of carbon through biochar emendation of agricultural soil (500 acres at minimum of 10 tons/acre in Hawaii by 2020)