1. Introduction Topic: The Effects of Bisphenol A on Animals During Prenatal Exposure Topic: The Effects of Bisphenol A on Animals During Prenatal Exposure BPA is used in polycarbonate plastics BPA is at the center of a debate over its effects as an environmental estrogen

2. Article Title: Normal Reproductive Organ Development in CF-1 Mice Following Prenatal Exposure to Bisphenol A Source: Journal of Toxicological Science 50, 36- 44 1999. Authors: S.Z. Cagen, J. M. Waechler, S.S. Dimond, W.J. Breslin, J.H. Butala F. W. Jekat Article Title: Normal Reproductive Organ Development in CF-1 Mice Following Prenatal Exposure to Bisphenol A Source: Journal of Toxicological Science 50, 36- 44 1999. Authors: S.Z. Cagen, J. M. Waechler, S.S. Dimond, W.J. Breslin, J.H. Butala F. W. Jekat

3. Literature Review 1.S.C. Nagel et al. 1997 report effects of low doses of BPA 2.Von Saal et al. 1998 report effects of variation of estrogen, Diethylstibesterol (DES) 3.Kiuper et al. 1998 demonstrated that BPA interacts with estrogen receptors

4. Hypothesis There will be no adverse effects of Bisphenol A on reproductive organ development in mice following prenatal exposure.

5. MethodologyGroup Dose (ug/kg/day) Dams Selected F1 Males 1Control2865 2Control2894 3 0.2 DES (positive cont) 2880 4 0.2 BPA 2884 5 2 BPA 2875 6 20 BPA 2870 7 200 BPA 2880

6. Methodology cont… Mortality Mortality Morbidity Morbidity Injury Injury Litter Data Litter Data *gestation period *gestation period *viability index *viability index *pup sex ratio *pup sex ratio Organ Weights Organ Weights *brain *brain *liver *liver *kidney *kidney *prostate *prostate *testis *testis Sperm Production and Efficiency Sperm Production and Efficiency Parameters measured included:

7. Results No significant difference observed No significant difference observed F1 Male Offspring No treatment related effects observed No treatment related effects observed Litter Data A statistical difference was found A statistical difference was found EX: Control = 12.37 pups born EX: Control = 12.37 pups born 200 BPA = 9.60 pups born 200 BPA = 9.60 pups born Dams

8. Results cont… Organ Weights The relative brain sizes of offspring of BPA treated mice were lower than controls. The relative brain sizes of offspring of BPA treated mice were lower than controls. Ex: Control = 0.461 g Ex: Control = 0.461 g BPA = 0.458g BPA = 0.458g Production and Efficiency of Sperm The mean values were lowest for sperm production of male offspring of dams given 200 ug/kg/day. The mean values were lowest for sperm production of male offspring of dams given 200 ug/kg/day. Ex: Control =15 Ex: Control =15 BPA = 12 BPA = 12

9. Discussion This study was designed to specifically replicate the findings of past research studies. This study was designed to specifically replicate the findings of past research studies. The observations reported by Nagel et al and von Saal et al. were not confirmed. The observations reported by Nagel et al and von Saal et al. were not confirmed. Therefore the current hypothesis was confirmed. Therefore the current hypothesis was confirmed. There will be no adverse effects of Bisphenol A on reproductive organ development in mice following prenatal exposure. There will be no adverse effects of Bisphenol A on reproductive organ development in mice following prenatal exposure.

10. Discussion Cont… Problems with the study: Positive Control had no effect Positive Control had no effect Weanling mice were caged individually Weanling mice were caged individually

11. Conclusion In conclusion, researchers believe that the results reported in previous studies were due to group caging of weanlings. In conclusion, researchers believe that the results reported in previous studies were due to group caging of weanlings. BPA should not be considered a selective reproductive or developmental toxicant. BPA should not be considered a selective reproductive or developmental toxicant.