1. CS 6750 Fall 2001 Cognitive Models Agenda zWho Am I? zCognitive Models ySituated Action yActivity Theory yDistributed Cognition zHow to use these models zCompare to Engineering Models

2. CS 6750 Fall 2001 Who Am I? zElizabeth Mynatt zAssociate Professor, CoC, HCI zEveryday Computing Lab zmynatt@cc.gatech.edu

3. CS 6750 Fall 2001 Models of Human Cognition zHuman as “information processing system” yPredict performance, not describe truth zOther models? yDistributed cognition yActivity theory ySituated action

4. CS 6750 Fall 2001 Situated Action zEmergent property of moment-by- moment interactions zRelation between persons and arenas zImprovisation zDetailed temporal accounts zDe-emphasizes rigid plans and rational problem solving

5. CS 6750 Fall 2001 Activity Theory zSubject, object, actions and operations zFlexible in face of changing conditions zMediation by artifacts zTransformative relationship

6. CS 6750 Fall 2001 Distributed Cognition zDistributed collection of interacting people and artifacts zLess emphasis on individual cognition; system goal zRepresentations and transformations zCollaboration

7. CS 6750 Fall 2001 Comparing Models zGoals versus “retrospective reconstructions” zPersistent structures zPeople and things zLevel of detail

8. CS 6750 Fall 2001 Square 1 zWhat do you know? zWhere not to start: yMarketing data yDetailed surveys yJumping into design yAsking the customer …

9. CS 6750 Fall 2001 Knowing your user zUnderstand underlying structure / goals / values … zMake tacit knowledge explicit zTrain your intuition zEnable tech transfer zApprentice model

10. CS 6750 Fall 2001 Observation zYou just landed on planet X zTeach someone to drive in a conf room zPeople use knowledge in the world zLots of non-verbal details zListen to the language zVideotaping

11. CS 6750 Fall 2001 Interviews zObservation grounds interviews zKeeping the interview open zCheat sheets zAvoid summaries, abstractions zCreate interpretations together z“What should I have asked?” zTape recording

12. CS 6750 Fall 2001 Other techniques zExercises ySorting, ordering zFocus groups yReaction to prototypes zSurveys yDetailed data, evaluation

13. CS 6750 Fall 2001 Triangulation zMultiple viewpoints zDifferent types of data zDiscover bias zBetter data zShared understanding

14. CS 6750 Fall 2001 Model Human Processor Perceptual, cognitive and motor processors Recognize-act cycle Engineering models GOMS KLM GOMS CCT