1. pH “Power of Hydrogen”

2. Water and pH Acids: When poured into water, it gives up H (hydrogen) to the water. Bases: When a base is poured into water, it gives up OH (hydroxide) to the water

3. For Example….. Acids - When hydrochloric acid (HCl) mixes with water, it separates into positive hydrogen (H+) and negative chlorine (Cl-). H+ = ACID

4. Characteristics of Acids: Acids taste sour Acids react strongly with metals (Zn + HCl) Strong Acids are dangerous and can burn your skin Examples of Acids: 1. Vinegar 2. Stomach Acid (HCl) 3. Citrus Fruits

5. Bases When the base sodium hydroxide/ (NaOH) “Bleach” mixes with water, it separates into positive sodium (Na+) and negative hydroxide (OH-). OH- = Base What must Neutral mean?

6. Solutions containing bases are often called alkaline Characteristics of Bases: Bases taste bitter Bases feel slippery Strong bases are very dangerous and can burn your skin Examples: 1. lye (Sodium Hydroxide) 2. Ammonia

7. pH Scale Runs from 0-14 0-6 is an ACID 8-14 is a BASE 7 is NUETRAL

8. Where do the numbers come from? The pH scale is logarithmic One unit change in pH is a 10-fold change pH = - log [H + ] If [H + ] = 1 X 10 -7, the negative log of [H + ] = 7, therefore pH=7

10. Substance Tested PredictDataExplain Coke Water Vinegar Tums in Water Tums and Vinegar together