1. Acids, Bases and Salts

2. Introduction
Acids tend to have a _ _ _ _ taste (vinegar for e.g contains _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ acid and _ _ _ _ _ juice contains citric acid)
Many Alkalis have a soapy/slippery feel. When alkalis do NOT dissolve in water they are called _ _ _ _ _.

3. How strong???
Acids have a pH _ _ _ _ than 7. The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the acid the _ _ _ _ _ the pH number.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ solutions have a pH of more than 7. The stronger the alkaline the _ _ _ _ _ _ the pH number.
pH scale

4. Acids
An acid is a compound containing hydrogen which become H+ _ _ _ _ in _ _ _ _ _.
Acids turn _ _ _ _ litmus paper _ _ _.
They turn universal indicator _ _ _ if they are strong, and orange and yellow if they are _ _ _ _.
Properties of Acids: Sour taste, Affect indicators, Neutralize hydroxides, React with metals-releasing hydrogen React with metal oxides, React with carbonates

5. Used in __________ (clue: plants) and explosives
Examples of acids
NAME
FORMULA pH
FOUND IN
Sulphuric acid
H2SO4 1
____
___________
_ _ _ _ _ _ acid
C6H8O7
Weak acid
Lemons, oranges
Ethanoic acid
_______ 4
Vinegar
_ _ _ _ _ _ acid
HNO3
Used in __________ (clue: plants) and explosives
Carbonic acid
H2CO3
_________
Hydrochloric acid
___
Stomach

6. Alkalis Alkalis turn _ _ _ litmus paper _ _ _ _.
They turn _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ indicator dark blue or purple if they are _ _ _ _ _.
Alkalis are a type of BASE: ones that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in water. They _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ acids.
They release ___- ions in water
BASES Neutralize acids, forming water as one product. React with nonmetal oxides. All metallic hydroxides (except those of active metals) are pretty much insoluble in water. They are weakly acidic in the presence of strong bases. That is, they are amphoteric, which means that they may act like an acid or a base.

7. Examples of Bases and Alkalis
NAME
FORMULA
DISSOLVE IN H2O?
ALKALI OR BASE?
FOUND IN
__________________
CuO No
_______ -
Sodium hydroxide
_____
Alkali
Used to remove grease from ovens + used to make _ _ _ _
___________
NH3
Yes
________
Main active ingredient in household _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fluids
__________
Ca(OH)2
___
Base
Slaked lime used in agriculture
Aluminium hydroxide
Al(OH)3
____
Used in some _____________ tablets

8. Neutral substances _ _ _ _ _ is a neutral substance
It turns universal indicator paper green
No effect on _ _ _ _ _ _
paper
It has a pH of exactly __

9. Neutralisation H2O(l) The making of _ _ _ _ _! +
This reaction is called neutralisation.
The alkali has neutralised the _ _ _ _ by removing its H+ ions, and turning them into _ _ _ _ _.
H2O(l)

10. Uses of Neutralization:
Indigestion tablets: weak _ _ _ _ in these will react with ___________ acid in your stomach….so go easy on the Steers!!
Soil treatment-farming: _ _ _ _ _ _ soil is treated with a BASE…why not alkali?
One other use: waste from factories: waste from many factories are often acidic. If this acidic solution is not treated and enters rivers it can kill fish. Slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) is often used to neutralise the acid.
Insect stings: - _ _ _ stings are acidic…so can be treated with a base (calamine lotion-zinc carbonate). Wasp stings are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ hence an acid (vinegar-ethanoic acid) can be used.

11. Different methods of salt production
Acid + metal _ _ _ _ _
Method 2 :
Acid + metal carbonate
Method 3:
Acid + _ _ _ _ _ _
Salt + water
Salt + water + ____
SALTS Compound formed of positive ions of aqueous bases and negative ions of aqueous acids. The solubility of salts in water varies.
Salt-Producing Reactions: Metal reacting with an acid, Reaction of nonmetallic oxide with aqueous acid, Reaction of nonmetallic oxide with aqueous base, Acid-base neutralization, Ionic reaction, Reaction of acid with a carbonate, Reaction of a metallic oxide with a nonmetallic oxide.
Salt + water

12. What you need to remember!!
Properties and examples of acids (weak and strong)
Properties and examples of alkalis and bases (weak and strong)
Preparation, separation and purification of of neutral substances (soluble salts and insoluble salts)
pH scale and other indicators
Reactions of making of salts

13. Thankyou for listening!!
Good luck for the test.