2.  Concentrated product: a lot of solute per solvent ex. frozen juices  Large containers of ready made juice are dilute, they have less solute compared to solvent, and thus have high water content  Dilute solutions require more packaging

3.  Examples: instant coffee, soups, salad dressing  These all come in small packages  They are all dried  The solvent is usually water, but it can be oil or vinegar

4.  Paper and yard waste make up a large percent of garbage  Packaging is useful, it protects items during transport, prevents spoilage and contamination as well as can be childproof

5.  Acids ◦ Corrosive ◦ Sour tasting ◦ Turns blue litmus paper red ◦ React with metals ◦ pH less then 7 ◦ Neutralize bases ◦ Conduct electricity

7.  Base ◦ Bitter tasting ◦ Turns red litmus paper blue ◦ Feels slippery ◦ Corrosive ◦ Neutralize acids ◦ Conduct electricity ◦ pH greater then 7

8.  Indicator: used to identify acids and bases, are natural substances which change color in the presence of an acid or base  Litmus paper is a common indicator

9.  pH tells you how acidic or basic a substance is  Goes from 1-14  Acids have a pH less then 7  Bases have a pH greater then 7  pH of 7 is neutral

11.  Substances at both ends of the pH scale are corrosive, they can burn skin and other body tissues  Corrosion is the wearing away of materials by chemical action, it is also known as rusting  Oxygen is the primary cause of rusting, but acid rain and salt speed up the process

13.  Acid rain has a pH lower then 5.6, it is created when pollutants from the burning of fossil fuels react with water in the air to form acid rain  Acid rain can corrode metal, stone and plants  Salt from seawater causes corrosion of cars, buildings and ships  Fresh coins are clean and shiny but when they contact air, sweat etc they become dull and discolored