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Published byBarrie Gilmore Modified over 9 years ago
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Acids and Bases SNC2D
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Some Properties of Acids Sour taste Water soluble Very reactive Conduct electricity Can act as a catalyst Corrosive Increase the hydrogen ion (H 1+ ) concentration of a solution Low pH (see chapter 7.3 The pH Scale)
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Binary Acids HX (where X is typically a halogen) HX is typically a gas (HX (g) ) e.g. hydrogen chloride (HCl (g) ) When dissolved in water they form an acid e.g. hydrochloric acid (HCl (aq) )
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Oxyacids and Organic Acids Oxyacids are acids where hydrogen is attached to a polyatomic ion that contains oxygen e.g. phosphate (PO 4 3- ) would give us phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ) Organic acids are those found in nature and contain carbon e.g. vinegar (acetic acid) and ascorbic acid (vitamin C)
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Some Properties of Bases Bitter taste Water soluble Very reactive Conduct electricity Caustic Are also described as alkaline Increase the hydroxide ion (OH 1- ) concentration of a solution High pH (see chapter 7.3 The pH Scale)
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Typical Bases Bases usually contain the hydroxide ion (OH 1- ) e.g. sodium hydroxide (NaOH) Some are more difficult to recognize bicarbonate (HCO 3 1- ) looks like an acid but can act as a base by taking a hydrogen ion from water and leaving behind the hydroxide ion HCO 3 1- + H 2 O H 2 CO 3 + OH 1-
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Indicators Indicators are compounds that change colour to identify an acid or base. Litmus red = acid blue = base Wide range pH Phenolphthalein Bromthymol Blue
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Neutralization Reactions acid + base salt + water HCl + NaOH NaCl + H 2 O HNO 3 + KOH KNO 3 + H 2 O
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Credits http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hydrochloric_acid_ammonia.jpg http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hydrochloric_acid_ammonia.jpg
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