1. Chapter No.7 Agricultural Marketing

2. It includes all those activities and directions, which are necessary for the flow of agricultural goods from cultivator to consumer. It includes all business activities that direct the flow of goods from the farm producers to the consumers, so that they got them in time, right place and in the proper form they want and at the reasonable price they are prepared to pay for it.

3. Components of Agricultural Marketing Transport and communication Processing Storage Standardization and Grading Wholesaling and Retailing

4. Objectives of Agricultural Marketing Increase the profit of farmer Provision of up to date information about market To stabilize the price level Creates better and exportable standard of goods Best use of surplus production

5. Agricultural Marketing in Pakistan Currently agricultural marketing is at poor stages In Pakistan, agricultural marketing system inherits various imperfections and inefficiencies which affect smooth operations and performance. Limited storage capacity, food crisis and poor cool chain network highlights imperfections and deficiencies in the agricultural marketing system Farmers have to sell the production at lower prices

6. Problems of Agricultural Marketing (A) Imperfect Market Absence of latest information Cob-web Fluctuation(Cob-web models explain irregular fluctuations in prices and quantities that may appear in some markets). No Co-operation of Media Improper Environment Poverty of Farmers

7. Problems of Agricultural Marketing (B) Agricultural Production Collection of Products Low quality of Products Absence of Grading No storage and ware houses

8. Problems of Agricultural Marketing (C) Other Problems Un-necessary role of Middlemen Backward Transport and roads Defective Weights and Measures Illiteracy of Farmers

9. Measures to Improve Agricultural Marketing Establishment of New Markets Standardization of Products Market Information Better Roads and Transportation Remove the Illiteracy Cooperative Marketing Societies Agricultural Education

10. Measures to Improve Agricultural Marketing Standard Weights and Measures Credit Facilities Storage Facilities

11. Government and Agricultural Marketing Market Committee Main functions of Market Committee Supervision of all the marketing activities License is necessary to attached with market Provision of wages to middlemen in settling the disputes between parties Established the exact weights and measures

12. PASSCO Pakistan Agricultural Storage and Services Corporation – established in 1973 to remove the problems of agricultural marketing. Objectives of PASSCO Provisions of storage facilities by construction of godowns Ensure easy supply of agricultural inputs to the farmers Purchases the productivities from the farmer to Government

13. AMSL Agricultural Marketing and Storage Limited. Established in 1981 at federal level with branches in all provinces Functions Eliminating the problems of perishable agricultural commodities Maintain the stability in market prices.

14. Exact Weights System Since January 1, 1997 the metric system of weights and measures has been introduced in all over the Pakistan. It is a better step to improve marketing. Advantages Uniform system of weights No loss of cultivator in selling and buying Labor is authorized to check the weighs

15. Price Support Policy Government of Pakistan, to purchase some selected commodities adopts price support policy. If price of any commodity is diminishing a certain levels then Government purchase those goods at a ceiling price. Objectives Encouraged the farmer by giving reasonable price Helpful in producing surplus production

16. Market Information Government announces daily rates of productivities in different markets by newspaper and electronic media. It is also a good step to remove the problems of agricultural marketing.

17. Construction of Godowns Non-availability of cold storages and godowns in our country. The Government of Pakistan has constructed a lot of problems to store the productivities. Advantages Maintain the balance between demand and supply Increase the profit of cultivator

18. Grading Centers Government of Pakistan has established grading centers to remove the problems of agricultural marketing. These centers are established at Khirpur, Sukkur, Hyderabad, and Karachi.