2. Light - an ___________________ wave (EM wave). It can travel without a _______________. It can travel through _______ or _______________ and consists of changing ________________ and _____________________ fields. A field is a __________ around an object that can exert a _________ on another object without actually ______________ the object. Electromagnetic waves are __________________ waves with the electric and magnetic waves _______________ to each other and to the direction of the __________ motion. electromagnetic medium space matterelectric magnetic regionforce touching transverse perpendicular wave Light is produced by the _______________ of an electrically charged particle which is surrounded by an ___________ _________. A vibrating electric field creates a __________ __________. These fields vibrating together make an ____ wave. Energy released in the form of an EM wave is called _____________. vibration electric field magnetic field EM radiation

3. When electrons in an atom absorb ___________, they jump to higher energy levels temporarily. When they fall back to a lower energy level, they give off a packet of energy called a ___________. When the electrons move back and forth, they give off a _________ of photons, making an ____ ___________ which carries the energy. Light has a __________ personality: it can be considered to have properties of both ____________ and _____________. energy photon EM wave duel particleswaves The speed of light in a vacuum is ______________ or _________ m/s. The speed of light is equal to the _____________ times the __________. The ______________ _____________ is made up of different ____________ of light, including _________ _______ ____________, ___________, and __________ ___________. 300,000,0003 x 10 8 wavelength frequency electromagnetic spectrum wavelengths radio waves microwavesX-rays visible light stream

4. Low energyHigh energy The human eye can see __________ light, bees and other insects can see ___________ light, and pit vipers can see ____________ light. __________ light is the combination of all the colors of visible light. ______________ rays can cause ______________. _______________ are used for cooking food. _________ are used to detect broken bones. visible ultraviolet infrared White Interaction of light waves: 1. Reflection: This occurs when waves ___________ off an object. The Law of Reflection states that the ___________ __ ____________ is equal to the ___________ ___ _____________. bounce angle of incidence angle of reflection Ultraviolet sunburn Microwaves X-rays

5. __________ ________ occurs on smooth, polished surfaces where the light is reflected at the same angle. ___________ __________ occurs on rough surfaces where the light is reflected at all different ______________. Regular reflection Diffuse reflection angles 2. Absorption and Scattering: Absorption is the _____________ of ___________ carried by light waves to particles of ____________. Scattering is the _____________ of light energy by particles of ____________ that have absorbed energy. Why is the sky blue? _______________________________________________________ transfer energymatter release matter Air particles scatter sunlight, and light with the shortest wavelength (blue light) scatters more, spreading out to fill the sky. 3. Refraction: This is the ____________ of a wave as it passes at an ___________ from one ____________ to another. This is because waves travel at different ____________ through different media. bending anglemedium speeds

6. The angle of ________________ is different from the angle of ____________________. When white light passes through a prism, the light is ______________ and separated into the various ________. incidence refraction separated colors 4. Diffraction: This is the ___________ of waves around ___________ or through open ______________. Light waves do not diffract as much as water waves and are hard to see. bending barriers spaces

7. 5. Interference: This occurs when 2 or more waves ______________. A. Constructive interference: The amplitudes of the waves are __________ together, creating brighter areas. B. Destructive interference: The amplitudes of the waves are ______________, creating dimmer areas or eliminating the light altogether. overlap added subtracted This is a picture of interference when light diffracts through ___ slits. This shows the interfer- ence pattern from red light passing through ___ slits. 2 7

8. When light interacts with matter, it can be _______________, __________________, or __________________, depending on the properties of the matter. If the matter is shiny or light colored, most of the light will be ________________. If the matter is dull or dark colored, the light will be _______________. If the matter is clear, light will be ________________ (the light will ________ _________ the matter). reflected absorbedtransmitted reflected absorbed transmittedpass through Materials : 1. Transparent: visible light is easily _____________ through. Ex: ___________, _____________, _____________ 2. Translucent: Transmits light but also ____________ light as it passes through. Ex:____________ 3. Opaque: Does not transmit light. Ex: _________, _________ passes airglasswater waxed paper woodmetal scatters

9. Colors of objects: We see an object to be a certain color because the light that reaches our ________ is the color that is ____________ off the object. All the other colors of light are _____________ by the object. ______________ is the absence of all ____________ being reflected because all of the light that hits a black object is ________________. If you were out in the hot desert, what color would be best to wear to keep cool? ________________ eyesreflected absorbed Black colors absorbed White Mirrors: They come in 3 types: __________, ____________, and _________. 1. Plane mirrors are flat and create images that are _____________, the same __________, but _______________. planeconcave convex upright sizereversed

10. 2. Concave mirrors: These are ____________ like the inside of a _____________. They can form both ________ and ____________ images. Reflected light rays cross each other at the _______ _______. If the object is between the mirror and the focal point, the image will be _____________. If the focal point is between the object and the mirror, the image will be ____________. If the object is at the focal point, there will be ____ image. curved spoonrealvirtual focal point virtual real no Concave virtual image Concave real image 3. Convex mirrors: These are curved like the outside of a spoon. All images are __________, _____________, and ___________ than the original object. Convex virtual image virtualuprightsmaller

11. A ________ is a curved, transparent object that forms an image by ________________ light. 1. Convex Lenses - These are thicker in the middle than at the edges. If the object is less than one _________ __________ away from the lens, the image will be ___________ and __________than the object. If the object is more than one focal point away, the image will be __________ and _____________. These lenses are used in _________ ____________ and ____________. lens refracting focal length virtuallarger realinverted movie projectorscameras 2. Concave Lenses - These are thicker at the edges and thinner in the middle. They produce ___________, ___________ images. smallervirtual

13. Light - an ___________________ wave (EM wave). It can travel without a _______________. It can travel through _______ or _______________ and consists of changing ________________ and _____________________ fields. A field is a __________ around an object that can exert a _________ on another object without actually ______________ the object. Electromagnetic waves are __________________ waves with the electric and magnetic waves _______________ to each other and to the direction of the __________ motion. Light is produced by the _______________ of an electrically charged particle which is surrounded by an ___________ _________. A vibrating electric field creates a __________ __________. These fields vibrating together make an ____ wave. Energy released in the form of an EM wave is called _____________.

14. When electrons in an atom absorb ___________, they jump to higher energy levels temporarily. When they fall back to a lower energy level, they give off a packet of energy called a ___________. When the electrons move back and forth, they give off a _________ of photons, making an ____ ___________ which carries the energy. Light has a __________ personality: it can be considered to have properties of both ____________ and _____________. The speed of light in a vacuum is ______________ or _________ m/s. The speed of light is equal to the _____________ times the __________. The ______________ _____________ is made up of different ____________ of light, including _________ _______ ____________, ___________, and __________ ___________.

15. Low energyHigh energy The human eye can see __________ light, bees and other insects can see ___________ light, and pit vipers can see ____________ light. __________ light is the combination of all the colors of visible light. ______________ rays can cause ______________. _______________ are used for cooking food. _________ are used to detect broken bones. Interaction of light waves: 1. Reflection: This occurs when waves ___________ off an object. The Law of Reflection states that the ___________ __ ____________ is equal to the ___________ ___ _____________.

16. __________ ________ occurs on smooth, polished surfaces where the light is reflected at the same angle. ___________ __________ occurs on rough surfaces where the light is reflected at all different ______________. 2. Absorption and Scattering: Absorption is the _____________ of ___________ carried by light waves to particles of ____________. Scattering is the _____________ of light energy by particles of ____________ that have absorbed energy. Why is the sky blue? _______________________________________________________. 3. Refraction: This is the ____________ of a wave as it passes at an ___________ from one ____________ to another. This is because waves travel at different ____________ through different media.

17. The angle of ________________ is different from the angle of ____________________. When white light passes through a prism, the light is ______________ and separated into the various ________. 4. Diffraction: This is the ___________ of waves around ___________ or through open ______________. Light waves do not diffract as much as water waves and are hard to see.

18. 5. Interference: This occurs when 2 or more waves ______________. A. Constructive interference: The amplitudes of the waves are __________ together, creating brighter areas. B. Destructive interference: The amplitudes of the waves are ______________, creating dimmer areas or eliminating the light altogether. This is a picture of interference when light diffracts through ___ slits. This shows the interfer- ence pattern from red light passing through ___ slits.

19. When light interacts with matter, it can be _______________, __________________, or __________________, depending on the properties of the matter. If the matter is shiny or light colored, most of the light will be ________________. If the matter is dull or dark colored, the light will be _______________. If the matter is clear, light will be ________________ (the light will ________ _________ the matter). Materials : 1. Transparent: visible light is easily _____________ through. Ex: ___________, _____________, _____________ 2. Translucent: Transmits light but also ____________ light as it passes through. Ex:____________ 3. Opaque: Does not transmit light. Ex: _________, _________

20. Colors of objects: We see an object to be a certain color because the light that reaches our ________ is the color that is ____________ off the object. All the other colors of light are _____________ by the object. ______________ is the absence of all ____________ being reflected because all of the light that hits a black object is ________________. If you were out in the hot desert, what color would be best to wear to keep cool? ________________ Mirrors: They come in 3 types: __________, ____________, and _________. 1. Plane mirrors are flat and create images that are _____________, the same __________, but _______________.

21. 2. Concave mirrors: These are ____________ like the inside of a _____________. They can form both ________ and ____________ images. Reflected light rays cross each other at the _______ _______. If the object is between the mirror and the focal point, the image will be _____________. If the focal point is between the object and the mirror, the image will be ____________. If the object is at the focal point, there will be ____ image. Concave virtual image Concave real image 3. Convex mirrors: These are curved like the outside of a spoon. All images are __________, _____________, and ___________ than the original object. Convex virtual image

22. A ________ is a curved, transparent object that forms an image by ________________ light. 1. Convex Lenses - These are thicker in the middle than at the edges. If the object is less than one _________ __________ away from the lens, the image will be ___________ and __________than the object. If the object is more than one focal point away, the image will be __________ and _____________. These lenses are used in _________ ____________ and ____________. 2. Concave Lenses - These are thicker at the edges and thinner in the middle. They produce ___________, ___________ images.