1. Router Fundamentals PJC CCNA Semester 2 Ver. 3.0 by William Kelly

2. Router Startup Procedure

3. Router Boot Sequence and Setup Mode  A Power on Self Test (POST) is performed when a routers is powered on and all the hardware is checked  If no configuration file is found the router enters setup mode The file from setup mode is stored in NVRAM Ctrl-C will terminate the setup and start over Setup is not intended to enter complex protocol information

4. Router Boot Sequence and Setup Mode (cont.) Setup mode default answers are in square brackets If the system has been previously configured the defaults are currently configured options 3 ways to enter setup mode  The command erase startup-config will erase the start config from NVRAM; then issue the reload command  Use the setup command  Power on a new router than has never been configured

5. Initial Boot-up Output  The message NVRAM invalid means either the router has never been configured or the startup configuration was erased  A partial list of information displayed during boot-up is as follows: How many interfaces the router has What types of interfaces the router has The amount of NVRAM The amount of Flash memory

6. Setup -Global Parameters  The line console can be secured with passwords Router(config)# line console 0 Router(config-line)# login Router(config-line)# password cisco  The virtual terminals can be secured with passwords Router(config)# line vty 0 4 Router(config-line)# password cisco

7. Router Boot Sequence and Setup Mode  A Power on Self Test (POST) is performed when a routers is powered on and all the hardware is checked  If no configuration file is found the router enters setup mode The file from setup mode is stored in NVRAM Ctrl-C will terminate the setup and start over Setup is not intended to enter complex protocol information

8. Establishing a HyperTerminal Session  Hardware DB-9 or DB-25 to RJ45 adapter. The DB-9 or 25 will connect to the PC serial port A Rollover cable with a male RJ45 on each end  A copy of HyperTerminal software if using Windows 9.X or above HyperTerminal settings are: 9600 baud, 8 data bits, no parity, one stop bit, no flow control

9. Logging into the Router  Cisco routers have two main levels of access User Exec mode – also called User or Exec mode and only allows router status to be checked but NO configuration changes can be made Privileged Exec Mode – Also called privileged mode and allows both router status checks and configuration changes

10. Keyboard Help  Tying a ? at either the user or privileged mode displays a list of possible commands (context sensitivity)  The –More– message will display at the bottom of the screen after 22 lines Pressing the spacebar moves to the next screen Pressing the Enter key goes to the next line Pressing any other key goes back to a prompt  A partial command can be entered with a ? at the end to final all commands starting with the letters you entered  A ^ symbol indicates an error in your entry.

11. Router Editing Commands

12. Router Editing History

13. Router Editing History (cont.)  By default command history is enabled  The default history buffer size is 10  The maximum history buffer size is 256

14. Cisco IOS Modes  ROM Monitor – performs bootstrap and can be used for password recovery or system failure recovery (only accessible through the console port)  Boot ROM – very limited command set to enable transfer of new IOS image from tftp server  Cisco IOS – Allows normal operation

15. Cisco IOS Naming Convention  The show flash command will display the IOS image name. The name reveals the following 3 pieces of information: The hardware platform name The special image capabilities The image location and whether it is compressed or zipped

16. Accessing the Command Line  The Cisco Command Line Interface (CLI) can be accessed 3 ways: Through a console session Using a modem through the aux port Through a Telnet connection

17. Troubleshooting Cisco IOS  No configuration file or bad boot system statement  No configuration or wrong configuration register value  Corrupted Flash memory  Hardware failure

18. Cisco show version Command  Displays the following: Cisco IOS version and description Bootstrap ROM version Boot ROM version Router up time Last restart method System image file and location Router platform Configuration

19. Other Common Show commands  show processes – displays information about active processes  show protocols – displays the configured protocols  show flash – shows info. about flash memory  show running-config – shows the active configuration file  show startup-config – shows the startup file in NVRAM  show interface – shows the status of the interfaces