1. Increasing Use of SSDs in High-End DBMS Machines Kyle Mogan and Lihua Zhang

2. Sources ●"Oracle Forging Exa Server Virtualization Appliance." The Register. Web. 3 Feb. 2015..http://www.theregister.co.uk/2013/08/01/oracle_exa_enterprise_virtualization_cloud_appliance/ ●Georgiev, Feodor. "HDDs, SSDs and Database Considerations." HDDs, SSDs and Database Considerations. 9 Jan. 2013. Web. 3 Feb. 2015..https://www.simple-talk.com/sql/database-administration/hdds,-ssds-and-database-considerations/ ●Wiseman, Timothy. "The Effects of an SSD on SQL Server Performance." TimothyAWiseman SQLWise. 29 July 2012. Web. 3 Feb. 2015..https://timothyawiseman.wordpress.com/2012/07/29/the-effects-of-an-ssd-on-sql-server- performance/ ●Larsson, Martin. "Storage Trends 2015: The Year Of The ESSD." BCW. 19 Jan. 2015. Web. 3 Feb. 2015..http://www.businesscomputingworld.co.uk/storage-trends-2015-the-year-of-the-essd/ ●Clabby, Joe. "IBM’s System Z Flash Express: The Early Adopters Speak-up." SHARE. 4 Feb. 2013. Web. 3 Feb. 2015..http://www.share.org/p/bl/et/blogid=2&blogaid=204

3. SSD Benefits ● Faster o 120,000 IOPS vs. 100 IOPS ● More energy efficient o <2W for SSD vs. 6W for HDD ● More compact

4. SSD Drawbacks HDDSSD Cost$0.08 per GB$0.60 per GB Smallest Erase Unitsector - 512 bytesblock - between 8k and 262k bytes Smallest Bad Blocksector - 512 bytesblock - if single cell is unusable, entire block is unusable Smallest Update Unitsector - 512 bytes - in place update block - entire block is rewritten elsewhere with update and old block is erased

5. Companies making the switch ● Google - Local SSD o Gcloud Compute ● Oracle - Exa-Server ● HP 3PAR ● IBM - Flash Express o zEC12

6. Some DBMS Ideas Need Adaptation ● HDD oriented algorithms/structures might need adaptations to improve the speed of a SSD server o Seek and rotational latency are no longer a problem o Update/Erase performs differently o Problems with memory wear and wear leveling

7. Conclusion ● SSDs are becoming more widely used in database systems ● Technologies/Algorithms should be developed to solve new problems brought by flash storage