3. First Triumvirate 60 -53 BCE Caesar (100-44 BCE) Crassus (115- 53 BCE) Pompey (106- 48 BCE)

5. Second Triumvirate Mark Anthony (83-30 BCE) Octavian (63 BCE-14 CE Marcus Lepidus (d. 13 BCE)

7.  Pax Romana  Julio-Claudian Dynasty (27 BCE – 68 CE) ▪ Augustus (27 BCE-14 CE) ▪ Claudius (41-54 CE) ▪ Nero (54-68 CE)  Flavian Dynasty (69-96 CE)  Antonine Dynasty (98-192) ▪ Golden Age  Severan Dynasty (192-235)

8. Octavian Augustus (63 BCE – 14 CE)

13.  Barracks Emperors (235-284)  Diocletian (284-305 CE)  Tetrarchy  Constantine (306-337 CE)  Constantinople  Romulus Augustus  Odoacer  Theodoric Ostrogothic war leaders

16.  Byzantine Empire (- 1453 CE)  Justinian (527-565 CE) ▪ Justinian Code ▪ Digest ▪ Institutes ▪ Hagia Sophia