1. Chapter 3 A New Nation Emerges Lesson 9 – A Clash of Two Empires in Pennsylvania Lesson 10 – Anger Among the Colonists with England’s Rule Lesson 11 – The American Colonies’ Revolutionary War Lesson 12 – A New Nation Emerges

2. Lesson 11 LEQ's: The American Colonies’ Revolutionary War 1. Why was declaring independence not a wise idea for the Americans? 2. What was the Valley Forge encampment? 3. How did the French and Friedrich von Steuben contribute to America’s victory? 4. How did PA contribute to the American Revolution?

3. American Revolution – war fought to gain our independence from England – 1775-1781 – Treasonous act by the colonies – Colonies were poorly prepared Loyalists – people still loyal to England – 1400 Pennsylvanians joined England’s army during revolution. – Quakers did not fight Lesson 11 – The American Colonies’ Revolutionary War

4. Washington’s army had not won any battles and morale among the troops was low. – Christmas night, crossing of the Delaware to attack the English in Trenton. – With only a third of his troop he had his victory – Battle of Trenton Loyalists – people still loyal to England – 1400 Pennsylvanians joined England’s army during revolution. – Quakers did not fight

5. After 1777, English invaded Philadelphia – Americans lost these battles, English army took control of Philadelphia – Washington set up camp at Valley Forge. Encampment – town/city built to house troops Freezing winter, poorly fed and clothed troops, thousands died No one died from freezing weather or starvation, but many died from poor sanitary conditions. Poor sanitary conditions at camps Diseases unknown to doctors, typhus, typhoid, and dysentery claimed many lives

6. Ben Franklin, in December 1776, was sent to France to negotiate, hoping French would lend support after losing to English for control of North America – French sent money, guns, food, soldiers, and ships Friedrich von Steuben, German officer, volunteered to train Washington’s men – Strict discipline of the soldiers helped turn the war around

7. Importance of Pennsylvania’s cities during the revolution: – Rifles were made in Lancaster – Cannons were made in Philadelphia – Military supplies and ammunition were stored at Carlisle – Conestoga wagon was made in Lancaster

8. Important women of the American Revolution – Mary Hays followed her husband into battle. “Molly Pitcher” – carried pitchers of water onto battlefield for soldier who were fighting. When her husband was wounded, she took over his post at the cannon. – Sarah Bache, daughter of Ben Franklin, organized more than 2,000 Philadelphia women to sew clothing for the troops – Betsy Ross – believed to have made our country’s first flag 13 stars and 13 stripes (one for each colony)