1. 13.4 The Harlem Renaissance

3. NAACP vs. Marcus Garvey NAACP (led by Du Bois and James Weldon Johnson) focused on making lynching a serious crime in the South – Congress gave them no help Marcus Garvey focused on black pride and actually encouraged African-Americans to move to Africa

4. The Harlem Renaissance Black writers like Zora Neale Hurston and Langston Hughes encouraged African- Americans to take pride in their culture

5. The Harlem Renaissance Harlem (in New York City) was at the center of black pride in the 1920s – Many white New Yorkers would travel to Harlem to listen to outstanding black jazz musicians

6. Jazz & the Blues Louis Armstrong had moved from New Orleans to Chicago, then NYC in the Great Migration “Duke” Ellington wrote some of the most incredible, sophisticated jazz of his time – But in the 1920s he was often stuck playing to white- only audiences…

7. Jazz & the Blues Bessie Smith (blues singer) became the most celebrated black vocalist – Blues is typically sad music, but it can help you feel like there is someone out there who understands your pain.

8. "The Negro Speaks of Rivers” Langston Hughes, 1920 I've known rivers: I've known rivers ancient as the world and older than the flow of human blood in human veins. My soul has grown deep like the rivers. I bathed in the Euphrates when dawns were young. I built my hut near the Congo and it lulled me to sleep. I looked upon the Nile and raised the pyramids above it. I heard the singing of the Mississippi when Abe Lincoln went down to New Orleans, and I've seen its muddy bosom turn all golden in the sunset. I've known rivers: Ancient, dusky rivers. My soul has grown deep like the rivers.