1. LIMITS TO GROWTH OVERSHOOT AND COLLAPSE

3. 3 CONDITIONS NECESSARY FOR OVERSHOOT AND COLLAPSE 1. A reinforcing growth loop 2. An erodible limit (carrying capacity) 3. Incorrect or delayed information about that limit

4. Two Types of Delayed Information about a limit 1.Material Example: The time from when carbon pollution is created on Earth to when it is completely absorbed in the atmosphere—about 20 years 2. Informational Example: The time from when data about the melting of the ice caps is generated to when that information reaches the public—about 2 years

5. THE PREMISE What if we looked at the 5 characteristics of our world and simulate over time how they interact with one another: 1.Population 2.Cultivated land 3.Industrial Capital 4.Pollution 5.Nonrenewable Natural Resources What would happen?

6. MAJOR INTERCONNECTIONS IN MODEL

9. EXPLANATION As population increases, more money is diverted to resource constraints. So less capital is available for industrial growth, food, health services, and consumption of goods. Wars for territorial ownership of depleting natural resources are costly, further depleting capital and draining social services When these decline, population growth overshoots the earth’s carrying capacity and decreases.

10. REASONS FOR EVENTUAL ACCEPTANCE OF THE MODEL AND ITS FINDINGS Accurate representation of historical behavior Data used in the model was peer reviewed for accuracy Simple, understandable equations thoroughly documented The 3 books describing the model were written in nontechnical language, accessible by the general public, and published around the world. Reputation of the sponsoring institution—MIT Challenges to the underlying assumptions of the model never changed its fundamental behaviors

11. HISTORY OF PUBLICATIONS 1972—Limits to Growth 1992—Beyond the Limits 2002—The 30 Year Update These books don’t predict the future. Rather, they provide alternative scenarios about the future. Criticism of the model: 1973 Models of doom—A Critique of Limits to Growth

12. TEN SIMULATIONS OF THE MODEL Each of the ten simulations scenarios addresses a concern of the previous simulation: 1.Standard run—business as usual 2.Increasing natural resource base 3.Pollution control technologies 4.Enhancing agricultural yields 5.Land erosion protection 6.Resource efficiency technologies 7.Stabilized population 8.Stabilized industrial output per capita 9.Technologies to reduce pollution, conserve resources, and increase land yield 10. Same policies introduced 20 years earlier—true sustainability

13. INCREASING NONRENEWABLE RESOURCE BASE— Scenario 2

14. Parallels of Limit to Growth and Climate Change What we do now does not have impact for many years to come. This delay causes the overshoot of the earth and the atmosphere’s eroding carry capacity. This results in collapse of the earth’s and the atmosphere’s ability to absorb more toxins.

15. THE UNATTAINABLE STEADY-STATE SOLUTION— Scenario 10

16. Author’s quote from “Beyond the Limits”