1. The Periodic Table Element Groups

2. Most Important The periodic table of elements is much more than a list of element symbols, atomic masses and element symbols. You will use the periodic table to check your electron configurations, orbital notations and Lewis dot notations. You will use it to predict relative properties of elements such as reactivity, electronegativity and metallic characteristics.

3. THREE MAJOR CATEGORIES

4. Metals have characteristic properties of luster, heat and electricity conductivity and malleability. Except for mercury, they are solids at room temperature. Nonmetals tend to form negative ions and do not possess the properties of the metals. Many are gases at room temperature. Only Bromine is a liquid at room temperature. Carbon, sulfur and phosphorous are solids. Metalloids are semiconductors and tend to have characteristics of both metals and nonmetals. THREE MAJOR CATEGORIES

5. Periodic Table Element Groups

6. The Alkali Metals

7. Examples: Li, Na, K Soft, gray, light metals. VERY reactive Will ignite and even explode in contact with water. What is left is an alkaline solution such as sodium hydroxide.

8. The Alkali Metals

9. The Alkaline- Earth Metals

10. Alkaline Earth Metals Examples: Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba Somewhat soft metals. Less reactive than Alkali metals, but more reactive than most metals. Usually found combined with oxygen

11. The Alkaline- Earth Metals

12. The Transition Metals

13. The Transition Metals Examples: Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Ti, Fe, Cr, Co, Ni “Typical metals” Most are gray, hard and dense Lustrous, malleable, ductile Conduct heat and electricity Less reactive than alkaline earth metals

14. The Transition Metals

15. Other Metals

16. examples: Aluminum, Tin, Lead Softer than transition metals Gray, malleable Less reactive than most metals.

17. Other Metals

18. Metalloids

19. ex: Boron, Silicon, Antimony, Bismuth Properties between those of metals and non-metals Semiconductors of heat and electricity Reactivity depends upon the properties of the other elements in the reaction.

20. Metalloids

21. Halogens

22. Fluorine (gas), Chlorine (gas), Bromine (liquid), Iodine (solid) VERY reactive Can form compounds with almost all metals Commonly used in cleaners (caustic) Their compound are called salts.

23. Halogens

24. Noble Gases

25. He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn Colorless, odorless gases at room temperature Are chemically “inert” (Normally will not undergo any chemical reactions, so they rarely form any compounds - not reactive)

26. Noble Gases

27. Other Non-metals

28. Other Non-metals H, C, N, O, P, S “Life elements” Light, non-malleable, brittle Poor conductors of heat and electricity Reactivity depends upon the element

29. Other Non-metals

30. Lanthanides

31. Actinides

32. Lanthanides and Actinides Ex: Uranium, Plutonium Rare-Earth Elements There properties are very similar and they are often found mixed together. Most are radioactive Many are not found naturally on Earth. Highly reactive (ex: Plutonium)

33. Periodic Table Element Groups